Pattern Recognition via the Toll-Like Receptor System in the Human Female Genital Tract by Kaei Nasu, Hisashi Narahara

“…The available literature regarding the innate immune system of the female genital tract during human reproductive processes was reviewed in order to identify studies specifically related to the expression and function of TLRs under normal as well as pathological conditions. …”
Get full text

Implications of intratumoral microbiota in tumor metastasis: a special perspective of microorganisms in tumorigenesis and clinical therapeutics by Lei Zhang, Xichu Duan, Yanhua Zhao, Dejiu Zhang, Yuan Zhang

“…Indirectly, they may affect tumor metastasis by modulating the host immune system and the tumor microenvironment. These recent findings have reshaped our understanding of the relationship between microorganims and the metastatic process. …”
Get full text

Compliant immune response of silk-based biomaterials broadens application in wound treatment by Zhiqiang Tian, Hong Chen, Ping Zhao

“…However, different silk-processing methods may trigger intense immune system resistance after implantation into the body. …”
Get full text

The role of complement in tumor immune tolerance and drug resistance: a double-edged sword by Ronghui Yang, Di Fu, Di Fu, Aijun Liao

“…The complement system, which serves as the foundation of the innate immune system, exhibits intricate and nuanced dual characteristics in the evolution of tumors. …”
Get full text

Balancing mitigation strategies for viral outbreaks by Hamed Karami, Pejman Sanaei, Alexandra Smirnova

“…This paper examined biological models for the post-vaccination stage of a viral outbreak that integrate two important mitigation tools: social distancing, aimed at reducing the disease transmission rate, and vaccination, which boosts the immune system. Five different scenarios of epidemic progression were considered: (ⅰ) the 'no control' scenario, reflecting the natural evolution of a disease without any safety measures in place, (ⅱ) the 'reconstructed' scenario, representing real-world data and interventions, (ⅲ) the 'social distancing control' scenario covering a broad set of behavioral changes, (ⅳ) the 'vaccine control' scenario demonstrating the impact of vaccination on epidemic spread, and (ⅴ) the 'both controls concurrently' scenario incorporating social distancing and vaccine controls simultaneously. …”
Get full text

Conventional Chemotherapy and Inflammation: What Is the Role of the Inflammasome in the Tumor Microenvironment? by Chiara Colarusso, Michela Terlizzi, Simone Di Caprio, Anna Falanga, Emmanuel D’Andria, Roberta d’Emmanuele di Villa Bianca, Rosalinda Sorrentino

“…While the inflammatory process can facilitate tumor establishment and progression, on the other hand, current clinical approaches aim to boost the immune system against the tumor mass. In this scenario, the conventional chemotherapy has proven to induce immunogenic cell death in that the release of danger-associated alarmins can foster the cytotoxic immunity following the blockade of immune checkpoints. …”
Get full text

How Does Interleukin-22 Mediate Liver Regeneration and Prevent Injury and Fibrosis? by Muhammad Babar Khawar, Fareeha Azam, Nadeem Sheikh, Khawaja Abdul Mujeeb

“…It is the only interleukin produced by immune cells but does not target immune system components. IL-22 is mainly produced by dendritic cells (DCs) and TH17, TH22, NK, and NKT cells and targets a number of body tissues including liver, pancreas, and other epithelial tissues. …”
Get full text

Why women or why not men? sex and autoimmune diseases by Gilberto Cincinelli, Elena Generali, Rajkiran Dudam, Vinod Ravindran, Carlo Selmi

“…In a parallel fashion, the immune system shows sex-dependent differences in number and functions of both its innate and its adaptive arms, with women capable to mount a more vigorous response compared to men. …”
Get full text

An Immunoinformatics Study to Predict Epitopes in the Envelope Protein of SARS-CoV-2 by Renu Jakhar, S. K. Gakhar

“…We aimed at designing a peptide vaccine for COVID-19 particularly for the envelope protein using computational methods to predict epitopes inducing the immune system. The envelope protein sequence of SARS-CoV-2 has been retrieved from the NCBI database. …”
Get full text

Role of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis by Sadaf Kasraie, Thomas Werfel

“…Several cofactors, such as an impaired skin barrier function, modifications of the immune system, and a complex genetic background, direct the course of AD. …”
Get full text

Reaction-Diffusion on a Spatial Mathematical Model of Cancer Immunotherapy with Effector Cells and IL-2 Compounds’ Interactions by Sulasri Suddin, Fajar Adi-Kusumo, Lina Aryati, Gunardi

“…In this paper, we consider the interactions among the cancer cell population, the effector cell population that is a part of the immune system, and cytokines that can be used to stimulate the effector cells called the IL-2 compounds. …”
Get full text

Protocol for Immune Cell Isolation, Organoid Generation, and Co-culture Establishment from Cryopreserved Whole Human Intestine by Enrique Gamero-Estevez, Inga Hensel, Michelle Steinhauer, Olivia Müllertz, Elizaveta Savochkina, Ibrahim Sektioglu, Bilgenaz Stoll, Shaghayegh Derakhshani, Sarah Devriese, Kyungbo Kim, Martin Resnik-Docampo

“…The human intestine plays a pivotal role in nutrient absorption and immune system regulation. Along the longitudinal axis, cell-type composition changes to meet the varying functional requirements. …”
Get full text

Osteopetrosis and Its Relevance for the Discovery of New Functions Associated with the Skeleton by Amélie E. Coudert, Marie-Christine de Vernejoul, Maurizio Muraca, Andrea Del Fattore

“…In particular, the interplay of bone with the stomach, insulin metabolism, male fertility, the immune system, bone marrow, and fat is described.…”
Get full text

Seaweed-derived bioactives: Gut microbiota targeted interventions for immune function by Holly Sedgwick, Glenn Gibson, Jessica Adams, Anisha Wijeyesekera

“…Alginate, laminarin, and in some cases fucoidan, have shown to modify the microbiota, its metabolites, and immune system function in in vitro research. Selected species of Bacteroides ferment these polysaccharides and have been shown to exert immunomodulatory effects in animal models. …”
Get full text

The Potential of MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Transplant Rejection by Matthias Hamdorf, Satoru Kawakita, Matthew Everly

“…The control of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs, miR) influences many cellular functions, including cellular differentiation, cell proliferation, cell development, and functional regulation of the immune system. Recently, miRNAs have been detected in serum, plasma, and urine and circulating miR profiles have been associated with a variety of diseases. …”
Get full text

Glioblastoma Multiforme Stem Cells by Irena Dimov, Deasanka Tasic-Dimov, Irena Conic, Vladisav Stefanovic

“…However, the achievement of efficient GBMSC targeting also requires an adequate understanding of the unique microenvironment, and the relationship with the immune system in the central nervous system (CNS) and CNS tumors. …”
Get full text

Is human cytomegalovirus a potential risk factor for mood disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis by Zahra Yousefian, Seyedeh Masoumeh Seyedhosseini Tamijani, Hamed Ghazvini, Farzan Kheirkhah, Raheleh Rafaiee, Tahoora Mousavi

“…Because of the persistence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the body and nervous system, this virus can be activated when the immune system is weakened and continues to exert its destructive effects throughout life. …”
Get full text

Role of Toll-Like Receptors and Their Downstream Molecules in the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Kouichi Miura, Ekihiro Seki, Hirohide Ohnishi, David A. Brenner

“…Activation of innate immunity is associated with the development of liver disease, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the innate immune system, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are sensors that recognize bacterial and viral components such as lipopolysaccharide, bacterial DNA, and peptidoglycan. …”
Get full text

NK Cell Subtypes as Regulators of Autoimmune Liver Disease by Guohui Jiao, Bangmao Wang

“…As major components of innate immunity, NK cells not only exert cell-mediated cytotoxicity to destroy tumors or infected cells, but also act to regulate the functions of other cells in the immune system by secreting cytokines and chemokines. …”
Get full text

Effector, Memory, and Dysfunctional CD8+ T Cell Fates in the Antitumor Immune Response by John Reiser, Arnob Banerjee

“…The adaptive immune system plays a pivotal role in the host’s ability to mount an effective, antigen-specific immune response against tumors. …”
Get full text