Published 2025-02-01
“…Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analyses were conducted for data analysis.Setting Data was collected in real-time from university students via smartphones, with three predetermined assessments per day over seven consecutive days.Participants A total of 104 students (63.5% male, 0% diverse) who were 18 years or older, possessing sufficient
German language skills and had access to an Android-powered smartphone were included.Interventions Participants were randomised to one of two different expectation framing groups, either receiving questionnaires for the expected impairment due to somatic symptoms (negative framing) or for the expected freedom from impairment due to somatic symptoms (positive framing).Primary outcome measures Somatic symptom severity was assessed using an adapted version of the Patient Health Questionnaire, with 11-point instead of 3-point Likert-scales. …”
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