Effects of startle on cognitive performance and physiological activity revealed by fNIRS and thermal imaging by Flora Schwartz, Jonathan Deniel, Mickaël Causse

“…We characterized some physiological correlates of the startle response while participants completed a difficult task (Toulouse N-back task) tapping executive functions. During the task, loud and threatening sounds were presented unpredictably to trigger a startle reflex. …”
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Improving working memory performance in healthy older adults: Investigating the training effects on central executive through a quasi-experimental approach by Abdelfattah Fassima, Driss Ait Ali, Hicham Khabbache

“…Additionally, the study highlights that training specific WM subsidiaries can foster transfer effects to untrained central executive functions, underscoring the adaptability and plasticity of aging cognitive systems.…”
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Randomized clinical trial on the effects of early cognitive interventions for children with acquired brain injury by Claudia Corti, Susanna Frigerio, Monica Recla, Susanna Galbiati, Valentina Pastore, Chiara Porro, Fabio Storm, Cosimo Urgesi, Sandra Strazzer

“…Visual sustained attention and other cognitive measures of attention, memory, visual-spatial/visual-constructional abilities and executive functions were primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. …”
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Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism Have Similar Neuroradiological Abnormal Findings as Healthy Ones by Marianna Rachmiel, Susanne Blaser, Elysa Widjaja, Joanne Rovet

“…Neurocognitive function was assessed for global intelligence, visual and verbal memory, and executive functioning using standardized tests. Neuroimaging was performed using 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging and assessed by two pediatric radiologists. …”
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Sex-based differences in Jumping to Conclusions: a multidimensional analysis of first-episode psychosis by Luciana Díaz-Cutraro, Marina Verdaguer-Rodríguez, Helena García-Mieres, Marta Ferrer-Quintero, Raquel López-Carrilero, Carol Palma-Sevillano, Maria Lamarca, Victoria Espinosa, Mara Luisa Barrigón, Fermín González-Higueras, Esther Pousa, Eva Grasa, Ester Lorente-Rovira, Alfonso Gutiérrez-Zotes, Ana Barajas, Isabel Ruiz-Delgado, Jordi Cid, Steffen Moritz, Julia Rico, Julia Sevilla-Llewellyn-Jones, Josep Maria Haro, Spanish Metacognition Group, Susana Ochoa

“…Logistic regression revealed distinct predictors for JTC by sex: women were influenced by negative internalization of events and visuospatial speed, while men’s JTC was linked to errors in executive functions and memory. These results highlight the importance of sex-specific patterns in JTC and suggest that women might benefit from interventions targeting reflective thinking and social cognition, whereas men may need neurocognitive rehabilitation strategies.…”
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The Link Between the Applied Visual Strategy When Copying the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure and the Language Abilities in Children with Specific Language Impairment by Ivana Milanović, Milena Paštar, Saška Žunić, Maša Marisavljević, Mile Vuković, Vladimir Janjić, Milan Đorđić, Miško Subotić

“…<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Although specific language impairment (SLI) was thought to be a language impairment, recent studies suggest that it is also associated with domain-general and nonverbal deficits such as deficits in nonverbal working memory, visual short-term memory, executive functions, etc. This study aimed to examine if applied visual strategy when copying the Rey–Osterrieth complex figure (ROCF) correlates with language abilities in children with SLI. …”
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Differential association between childhood trauma subtypes and neurocognitive performance in adults with major depression by Min Wang, Jinxue Wei, Yikai Dou, Yu Wang, Huanhuan Fan, Yushun Yan, Yue Du, Liansheng Zhao, Qiang Wang, Xiao Yang, Xiaohong Ma

“…Neurocognitive abilities, encompassing sustained attention, vigilance, visual memory, and executive functioning, were measured by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery. …”
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Preclinical Cognitive Markers of Alzheimer Disease and Early Diagnosis Using Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence: Literature Review by María de la Paz Scribano Parada, Fátima González Palau, Sonia Valladares Rodríguez, Mariano Rincon, Maria José Rico Barroeta, Marta García Rodriguez, Yolanda Bueno Aguado, Ana Herrero Blanco, Estela Díaz-López, Margarita Bachiller Mayoral, Raquel Losada Durán

“…ResultsFollowing an analysis of 38 selected articles, we highlight verbal episodic memory as a sensitive preclinical AD marker, with supporting evidence from neuroimaging and genetic profiling. Executive functions precede memory decline, while processing speed is a significant correlate. …”
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Perinatal Mother-to-Child Chikungunya Virus Infection: Screening of Cognitive and Learning Difficulties in a Follow-Up Study of the Chimere Cohort on Reunion Island by Raphaëlle Sarton, Magali Carbonnier, Stéphanie Robin, Duksha Ramful, Sylvain Sampériz, Pascale Gauthier, Marc Bintner, Brahim Boumahni, Patrick Gérardin

“…The difficulties observed affected verbal functions, non-verbal functions, and learning abilities, such as phonology, lexical evocation and comprehension, graphism, selective visual attention, planning, visual–spatial reasoning, dictation and mathematics, as well as core executive functions, such as inhibitory control, shifting, and working memory. …”
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The unique role of the associative thalamus in cognitive processing by Bin A. Wang, Shumei Li, Michael M. Halassa, Burkhard Pleger

“…These non-relay functions stem from genuine thalamic processing of a wide range of inputs that lead to contextual signals that play a role in advanced cognitive abilities underpinning learning, attention, and executive functions. Particularly, associative thalamic structures, such as the mediodorsal thalamus and pulvinar which receive driving inputs from the cortex and participate in transthalamic cortico- cortical loop, play a crucial role in enhancing information processing efficiency for higher cognitive functions. …”
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Sex-Dependent Changes in Risk-Taking Predisposition of Rats Following Space Radiation Exposure by Elliot Smits, Faith E. Reid, Ella N. Tamgue, Paola Alvarado Arriaga, Charles Nguyen, Richard A. Britten

“…Exposure to low doses of space radiation (SR) can impair key executive functions critical to decision making. This study examined the effects of exposure to 10 cGy of Galactic Cosmic Ray simulated radiation (GCRsim) on decision-making performance in male and female rats with a naturally low predisposition for risk-taking (RTP) prior to exposure. …”
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Sulforaphane induces S-phase arrest and apoptosis via p53-dependent manner in gastric cancer cells by Yuan Wang, Huazhang Wu, Nannan Dong, Xu Su, Mingxiu Duan, Yaqin Wei, Jun Wei, Gaofeng Liu, Qingjie Peng, Yunli Zhao

“…The Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 genes involved in apoptosis executive functions were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells. …”
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Low-frequency local field potentials reveal integration of spatial and non-spatial information in prefrontal cortex by Mohammad Aliramezani, Balbir Singh, Christos Constantinidis, Mohammad Reza Daliri

“…The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for various aspects of executive functions, particularly working memory. The debate over whether the dorsal and ventral PFC should be viewed as unitary or heterogeneous in working memory has been ongoing. …”
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Are There Race‐Based Differences in Neuropsychological Test Performance and Psychological Symptom Endorsement Among Adults Diagnosed With ADHD? by Matthew S. Phillips, Mira I. Leese, Steven A. Abalos, Greg Shapiro, Kailyn Bare, Nevin A. Orleans, Nicole M. Durkin, Jason R. Soble

“…., learning and memory, attention/working memory, processing speed, and executive functions), as well as on measures of mood and ADHD‐related symptomatology. …”
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Cognitive predictors of everyday functioning in women with HIV: findings from the women’s interagency HIV study by David E. Vance, Lang Lang, Pauline M. Maki, Danyang Yu, Raha Dastgheyb, Yuezhe Wang, Gayle Springer, Kathryn Anastos, Deborah R. Gustafson, Kathleen M. Weber, Derek M. Dykxhoorn, Joel Milam, Monica M. Diaz, Seble G. Kassaye, Drenna Waldrop, Yanxun Xu, Leah. H. Rubin

“…Results In the total sample, poorer motor performance was associated with impairments in home repairs, housekeeping, and laundry and poorer executive functioning was associated with impairment in planning social activities. …”
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Early Life Cognitive Abilities and Body Weight: Cross-Sectional Study of the Association of Inhibitory Control, Cognitive Flexibility, and Sustained Attention with BMI Percentiles... by Tamara Wirt, Anja Schreiber, Dorothea Kesztyüs, Jürgen M. Steinacker

“…The findings suggest that especially cognitive abilities known as executive functions (inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility) are associated with children’s body weight. …”
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Compensatory cerebellar activation during fluid intelligence processing following mild traumatic brain injury by Anat Leibovici, Nofar Itzhaki, Hadar Shapsa, Jenya Yvgeny, Lerer, Moran Shechtman, David Mesika, Reut Raizman, Galia Tsarfaty, Zion Zibly, Lior Ungar, Anton Peled, Raquel C. Gardner, Sigal Liraz Zaltsman, Moshe Bondi, Evgeny Gaidukov, Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Aleksandra Plavsic, Abigail Livny

“…Mild TBI patients have demonstrated functional reorganization, suggesting an expansion of activation to cerebellar regions during specific executive functions. In this study, we investigated cerebellar involvement in fluid intelligence processing using a novel fMRI paradigm based on Raven’s Progressive Matrices in 51 acute mTBI patients and 61 healthy controls. …”
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Late Onset Bipolar Disorder due to a Lacunar State by Elena Antelmi, Margherita Fabbri, Lucia Cretella, Maria Guarino, Andrea Stracciari

“…Neuropsychological evaluation detected deficits in attention/executive functions, verbal fluency, and memory. Nine months later, after specific psychiatric therapy, the psychiatric symptoms were remarkably improved. …”
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Cognitive Impairment and Brain Imaging Characteristics of Patients with Congenital Cataracts, Facial Dysmorphism, Neuropathy Syndrome by Teodora Chamova, Dora Zlatareva, Margarita Raycheva, Stoyan Bichev, Luba Kalaydjieva, Ivailo Tournev

“…Verbal and nonverbal intelligence, memory, executive functions, and verbal fluency wеre assessed in all the patients aged 4 to 47 years. …”
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rTMS for enhancing cognitive reserve: A case report by Chiara Di Fazio, Eugenio Scaliti, Mario Stanziano, Anna Nigri, Greta Demichelis, Marco Tamietto, Sara Palermo

“…The elderly woman underwent rTMS treatment targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a region critical for executive functions and mood regulation. Significant improvements were observed in attention, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility, as evidenced by reductions in completion times on the Trail Making Test (TMT). …”
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