A Proposed Neurological Interpretation of Language Evolution by Alfredo Ardila

“…It is suggested that grammar is the basic ability for the development of so-called metacognitive executive functions. It is concluded that while the lexical/semantic language system (vocabulary) probably appeared during human evolution long before the contemporary man (Homo sapiens sapiens), the grammatical language historically represents a recent acquisition and is correlated with the development of complex cognition (metacognitive executive functions).…”
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Cognitive impairments in patients with low grade gliomas and high grade gliomas by Eliane C. Miotto, Aluizio Silva Junior, Clemar Corrêa Silva, Hector Navarro Cabrera, Melissa A.R. Machado, Glaucia R.G. Benute, Mara C.S. Lucia, Milberto Scaff, Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira

“…RESULTS: There was a significant impairment on verbal and visual episodic memory, executive functions including mental flexibility, nominal and categorical verbal fluency and speed of information processing in G2. …”
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COMT Val158Met Polymorphism, Executive Dysfunction, and Sexual Risk Behavior in the Context of HIV Infection and Methamphetamine Dependence by C. A. Bousman, M. Cherner, J. H. Atkinson, R. K. Heaton, I. Grant, I. P. Everall, The HNRC Group

“…Main and interaction effects of COMT genotype and executive functioning on sexual risk behavior were examined. 192 sexually active nonmonogamous men completed a sexual behavior questionnaire, executive functioning tests, and were genotyped using blood-derived DNA. …”
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Assessment of the Impact of Different Types and Intensities of Physical Exercise on the Quality of Life of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Literature Review by Katarzyna Barabasz, Paulina Więcławek, Piotr Juda, Patrycja Kłaptocz, Katarzyna Łukoś-Karcz, Dominik Bańkowski, Gabriela Pabian, Karol Musiał, Kamil Bielak

“…Results Moderate-intensity aerobic and combined exercises improve memory and executive functions, while resistance training increases hippocampal volume, supporting spatial memory. …”
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Long-term changes in cognitive status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after coronary artery bypass graft surgery by A. S. Sosnina, I. V. Tarasova, I. D. Syrova, O. V. Maleva, O. A. Trubnikova, O. L. Barbarash

“…Higher HbA1c level was also associated with deteriorated executive functions and short-term memory.Conclusion. 5−7 years after CABG surgery, patients with type 2 DM suffer from a cognitive decline and reduced psychomotor and executive functions.…”
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Effectiveness of Serious Games as Digital Therapeutics for Enhancing the Abilities of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Systematic Literature Review by Jing Lin, Woo-Rin Chang

“…It focuses on assessing therapeutic outcomes, including improvements in attention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, social skills, motor skills, executive functions, and enjoyment. MethodsThe review was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. …”
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Executive and Language Control in the Multilingual Brain by Anthony Pak-Hin Kong, Jubin Abutalebi, Karen Sze-Yan Lam, Brendan Weekes

“…One prediction is that lesions to such a system would give rise to both pathological switching and impairments of executive functions in trilingual speakers.…”
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Social cognitive impact of essential tremor by Sarah Melchert, Oliver L. Steiner, Christin Kupper, Hannah Lochmann, Michelle Wyrobnik, Fabian Klostermann

“…This mainly refers to executive functions, thought to be of paramount importance for social cognition, particularly cognitive theory of mind (ToM). …”
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Exploration of Algorithms and Heuristics in Puzzle Playing Activities of Early Childhood by Selvia Dwi Lusiana, Thorik Aziz

“…Analysis of the findings indicates that the use of algorithms and heuristics reflects complex cognitive development, involving executive functions, metacognition, and visuospatial abilities. …”
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Patterns of time spent in sedentary behavior, physical activity, and sleep are associated with cognitive decline among CLSA participants: A latent class analysis by R.A. Palazuelos-González, R.C. Oude-Voshaar, N. Smidt, A.C. Liefbroer

“…Objectives: To identify latent classes of time spent in movement activities (leisure sitting, physical activities, and sleep), characterize them, and assess their association with changes in memory, executive functioning, and overall cognition among middle aged and older adults. …”
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Cognitive Profiles and Determinants of Eligibility for Awake Surgery in Non‐Dominant Hemisphere Gliomas: A Narrative Review by Alice Tomaselli, Antonina Luca, Gianluca Ferini, Giuseppe Emmanuele Umana, Bipin Chaurasia, Gianluca Scalia

“…The non‐dominant hemisphere plays essential roles in visuospatial processing, social cognition, and executive functions, which can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. …”
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Cognitive profile of patients with depressive disorders and its significance for antidepressant therapy and social functioning by K. E. Emelin, R. V. Akhapkin, Y. A. Alexandrovsky

“…The study of patients cognitive functioning included testing of memory (memory for faces), attention (the Landolt broken ring test), reaction speed (the simple sensorimotor reaction), psychomotor functioning (the finger-tapping test) and executive functions (the Stroop test, the reaction to a moving object). …”
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INFLUENCE OF ACTIVE GAMES AND PLAY ON CHILDREN’S COGNITION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW by Tárcio Amancio do Nascimento, Juliane Camila de Oliveira Ribas, Isabela Almeida Ramos, Vinicius de Oliveira Damasceno, André dos Santos Costa

“…Three studies showed positive effects of games and play on attention, reaction time, and executive functions: inhibitory control, logical reasoning, verbal factor, numerical factor, spatial factor, and general intelligence. …”
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Combined Use of Guanfacine and N-Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Cognitive Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury by Siddharth Khasnavis, Timothy Belliveau, Amy Arnsten, Arman Fesharaki-Zadeh

“…Guanfacine + NAC improved attention, processing speed, memory, and executive functioning with minimal side effects in both persons. …”
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Olfactory Testing and Gray Matter Volume: A Combined Approach to Predict the Conversion to Alzheimer by Claudia Casadio, Daniela Ballotta, Francesco Ricci, Vanessa Zanelli, Omar Carpentiero, Maria Giulia Corni, Elisa Bardi, Nicola Filippini, Fausta Lui, Paolo Frigio Nichelli, Maria Angela Molinari, Francesca Benuzzi

“…<b>Results</b>: The Receiving Operating Characteristics analyses demonstrated that DT and IT could distinguish HC from MCI (DT Area Under Curve—AUC = 0.8; IT AUC = 0.8), as well as cMCI from sMCI (stable) patients (DT AUC = 0.7; IT AUC = 0.6), similarly to memory and executive functions tests. Olfactory performance positively correlated with memory tests in sMCI (all <i>rho</i>s ≥ 0.8, all <i>p</i>s < 0.01), whereas it positively correlated with executive functions in cMCI (all <i>rho</i>s ≥ 0.6, all <i>p</i>s < 0.05). …”
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Predictors of subjective memory functioning in young adults by Eszter Csábi, Fanni Mercédesz Kovács, Márta Volosin

“…Besides anxiety, only the executive functions predicted significantly the frequency of internal strategy use. …”
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Sportorthopädie by Stroehlein JK, van den Bongard F, Barthel T, Reinsberger C

“…Indications were found for a linear dose-response relationship between executive functions and MET/week for the MCI population, but not for healthy elderly and AD patients. …”
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What Is the Impact of Obesity-Related Comorbidities on the Risk of Premature Aging in Patients with Severe Obesity?: A Cross-Sectional Study by Alicja Dudek, Barbara Zapała, Aleksandra Gorostowicz, Ilona Kawa, Karol Ciszek, Piotr Tylec, Katarzyna Cyranka, Wojciech Sierocki, Michał Wysocki, Piotr Major

“…Various markers of biological aging, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), telomere length (TL), attention speed, executive functions, and metabolic age, were evaluated. …”
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Preserving cognitive vitality: Value of cognitive rehabilitation in addressing cognitive deficits in the elderly by Furqan Ahmed Siddiqi, Muhammad Ehab Azim, Muhammad Furqan Hassan, Farooq Azam Rathore

“…Keywords: Cognition, Cognitive Decline, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Elderly, Executive functions, Memory. …”
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Neurophysiological Evidence for a Compensatory Activity during a Simple Oddball Task in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus by Tereza Vitvarová, David Neumann, Radka Šimáková, Jan Kremláček

“…Hyperglycemia and glycemic fluctuations disrupt mainly executive functions. To assess a hypothesized deficit of the executive functions, we evaluated visual processing and reaction time in an oddball task. …”
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