Major data gaps and recommendations in monitoring regulations of activities in EU marine protected areas by Juliette Aminian-Biquet, Jennifer Sletten, Timothé Vincent, Margherita Pieraccini, Betty Queffelec, Anastasiya Laznya, Natașa Vaidianu, Joachim Claudet, Juliette Young, Barbara Horta e Costa

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Novel static calculation approach for reciprocal structures assembled by Archimedes paving curved rods by XIA Yongqiang, XU Yimin, NI Keyi, XIAO Nan, FAN Lei, SONG Fangyuan, JIN Hui

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Effect of a multispecies probiotic on reducing the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial by Hania Szajewska, Jan Łukasik

“…The primary outcome will be the incidence of AAD, defined as ≥3 loose or watery stools (a score of A on the Amsterdam Infant Stool Scale or a score of 5–7 on the Bristol Stool Form scale) in 24 hours, caused either by Clostridium difficile or of otherwise unexplained aetiology, occurring during the intervention period. …”
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Achilles Rupture Repair: Modified Gift-Box With a Proximal Myotendinous Backup Fixation Technique by Nicholas D. Cominos, B.S., Joseph S. Tramer, M.D., Andrew J. Peace, M.D., Matthew A. Zaborowicz, M.D., Erik B. Eller, M.D., Lafi S. Khalil, M.D.

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Who does technology serve? A critical analysis of sociocultural factors shaping opportunities, practices and barriers faced by a smallholders in south-western Colombia by Marcela Ramos, Natalia Triana, Stefan Burkart, Jhon Freddy Gutiérrez, Diana María Gutiérrez-Zapata, Alejandro Ruden, Lady Sepúlveda, Brian Barrett

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Is maternal diabetes during pregnancy associated with neurodevelopmental, cognitive and behavioural outcomes in children? Insights from individual participant data meta-analysis in... by Rachelle A. Pretorius, Demetris Avraam, Mònica Guxens, Jordi Julvez, Jennifer R. Harris, Johanna Thorbjornsrud Nader, Tim Cadman, Ahmed Elhakeem, Katrine Strandberg-Larsen, Hanan El Marroun, Serena Defina, Tiffany C. Yang, Rosie McEachan, John Wright, Jesús Ibarluzea, Loreto Santa-Marina, Juana Mari Delgado, Marisa Rebagliato, Marie-Aline Charles, Chloe Vainqueur, Silvia Maritano, Daniela Zugna, Wen Lun Yuan, Barbara Heude, Rae-Chi Huang

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COVID-19 outbreak rates and infection attack rates associated with the workplace: a descriptive epidemiological study by Yiqun Chen, Fu-Meng Khaw, Timothy Aldridge, Claire Ferraro

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Clinical Efficacy of Probiotic Therapy on Bowel-Related Symptoms in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis during Endoscopic Remission: An Observational Study by Jin Lee, Su Bum Park, Hyung Wook Kim, Hong Sub Lee, Sam Ryong Jee, Jong Hun Lee, Tae Oh Kim

“…SIBDQ scores of bowel function (P=0.018), systemic function (P=0.040), and social function (P=0.005) improved. Stool frequency and Bristol stool scale scores improved after probiotic therapy (P<0.05). …”
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Étude multicritères sur le passage à un régime sans fruits chez les Cébidés et les Cercopithécidés by Flore Viallard, Sébastien Lefebvre, Alexandre Petry, Irène Vonfeld, Benoît Quintard

“…Improved faeces consistency was observed for spider monkeys A. f. rufiventris and Hamlyn monkeys C. hamlyni (change in Bristol stool score: 6 to 4 and 7 to 3, respectively). …”
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Development and evaluation of a maturity assessment tool for integrating building information modelling into operations and maintenance phase of buildings by Dania K. Abideen, Akilu Yunusa-Kaltungo, Clara Cheung, Patrick Manu

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The mutational landscape of Staphylococcus aureus during colonisation by Francesc Coll, Beth Blane, Katherine L. Bellis, Marta Matuszewska, Toska Wonfor, Dorota Jamrozy, Michelle S. Toleman, Joan A. Geoghegan, Julian Parkhill, Ruth C. Massey, Sharon J. Peacock, Ewan M. Harrison

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome: What Are the Reasons for Dissatisfaction with the Treatment of Patients and Doctors? (Based on the Experience of Medical Institutions of the Northwestern... by A. Yu. Baranovsky, T. V. Reshetova, I. S. Sakeyan

“…The rest (n = 216) completed a self-assessment of their condition using the frequency of bowel movements and the Bristol Stool Form Scale. In each of these groups, three subgroups were formed: Subgroup 1 — treatment of patients with gastroenterological drugs; Subgroup 2 — treatment with combined pharmacotherapy (with the appointment of psychotropic drugs); Subgroup 3 — treatment with a combination of gastroenterological and psychotropic drugs and the use of non-medicinal methods of psychotherapy.Results. …”
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The Eczema Bathing Study: Weekly versus daily bathing for people with eczema? Protocol of an online, randomised controlled trial [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved wit... by Paul Leighton, Wei Chern Gavin Fong, Ingrid Muller, Laura Howells, Arabella Baker, Eleanor J Mitchell, Eleanor Harrison, Leila Thuma, Yimin Jiang, Lucy Bradshaw, Alan Montgomery, Fiona Cowdel, Matthew J Ridd, Jane Ravenscroft, Reiko J Tanaka, Miriam Santer, Richard Swinden, Nicholas Hilken, Carron Layfield, Richard Dooley, Sophia Collins, Clare Upton, Tracy Owen, Firoza Davies, Devin Patel, Mars Eddis-Finbow, Hywel C Williams, Goldie Putrym, Kim S Thomas, Amanda Roberts

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Reform or transform? A spectrum of stances towards the economic status quo within ‘new economics’ discourses by Sam J. Buckton, Jasper O. Kenter, Nibedita Mukherjee, Sandra Waddock, Annela Anger-Kraavi, Simone Martino, Ioan Fazey, Adam P. Hejnowicz, Jane Kabubo-Mariara, Jordan O. Lafayette, Kristen Locy, Chris Scarr

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Research Note: Testing the validity of latency-to-lie tests without water for objective on-farm assessment of walking ability of broiler chickens by Kaitlin Wurtz, Sigga Rasmussen, Anja Riber

“…Following receiving a gait score (Bristol scale), birds were placed individually into a litter lined clear plastic storage box and the LTL was conducted with a maximum test duration of 300 s. …”
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Factors Associated with the Clinical Course of Vitreomacular Traction by Petros Petrou, Evangelia Chalkiadaki, Marie-Helene Errera, Sidath Liyanage, Louisa Wickham, Evangelia Papakonstantinou, Aristotelis Karamaounas, Menelaos Kanakis, Ilias Georgalas, Stylianos Kandarakis, David Charteris

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Kiwifruit and Kiwifruit Extracts for Treatment of Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Mohamed Eltorki, Russell Leong, Elyanne M. Ratcliffe

“…Standardized mean difference (SMD) and mean difference (MD) with confidence intervals (CI) were determined for the following outcomes: frequency of spontaneous bowel movements (SBM), abdominal pain and straining, as well as stool type as determined by the Bristol Stool Scale (BSS). The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence. …”
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Measuring the impact of managing incontinence on people with dementia and informal caregivers: Cognitive debriefing interviews of ‘ICIQ-Cog’ (English translation) by Miriam Avery, Nikki Cotterill, Mandy Fader, Margaret Macaulay, Ruth Kirschner-Hermanns, Cathy Murphy

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Intestinal Permeability Measured by Urinary Sucrose Excretion Correlates with Serum Zonulin and Faecal Calprotectin Concentrations in UC Patients in Remission by C. A. M. Wegh, N. M. de Roos, R. Hovenier, J. Meijerink, I. Besseling-van der Vaart, S. van Hemert, B. J. M. Witteman

“…Samples of blood, urine, and faeces were taken at baseline, week 6, and week 12 to assess intestinal permeability and inflammation. Diaries and Bristol stool scale were kept to record stool frequency and consistency. …”
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Effects of <i>Bifidobacterium longum longum</i> 35624® on the Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Results of the Multicenter Observational Progr... by V. T. Ivashkin, E. A. Poluektova, Z. A. Mamieva

“…Stool abnormalities were assessed using the Bristol Stool Scale.Results. After the course of standard-of-care treatment and add-on therapy with Symbiosys Alflorex, 25.8 % of patients achieved clinical remission. …”
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