Complete and Partial Lesions of the Pyramidal Tract in the Rat Affect Qualitative Measures of Skilled Movements: Impairment in Fixations as a Model for Clumsy Behavior by Ian Q. Whishaw, Dionne M. Piecharka, Felicia R. Drever

“…The tract traverses the entire central nervous system and, through direct and indirect connections to the brainstem and spinal cord sensory and motor nuclei, is involved in the learning and execution of skilled movements. …”
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Bilateral Medial Medullary Stroke: A Challenge in Early Diagnosis by Amir M. Torabi

“…Also, MRI of cervical spine may be helpful if there is attention to brainstem as well.…”
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The Big Yawning: Pathological Yawning as a Symptom of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders by Veronika Spahlinger, Annette Niessen, Sebastian Rauer, Stefan Krämer, Matthias Reinhard

“…When observing pathological yawning, even in the absence of other cerebral or brainstem symptoms, one should be aware of NMOSD as a possible cause.…”
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Imaging Characteristics of Frozen Corpses: An Analysis Based on Postmortem Computed Tomography by Sunao Li, Wenju Jin, Jiahui He, Jun He, Mingjie Qiu, Wenjing Gao, Long Fu, Haibin Shen, Zhiyuan Xia, Xilian Ding

“…Serial angiographic studies revealed “pseudo-brain hemorrhage” in the brainstem and cerebellum in several cases due to incomplete thawing and transport. …”
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Not All Neonatal Encephalopathies Are due to Perinatal Hypoxia by Tushar Kulkarni, Lma Dsougi Hussein Mohamed, Mahmoud El Halik, Fatma Abdulla Mohammad Bastaki

“…Extensive metabolic workup revealed no diagnosis, but neuroimaging showed characteristic findings consistent with the diagnosis of leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation. …”
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Leiomyosarcoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland: A Case Report and Literature Review by Michael Coulter, Jingxuan Liu, Mark Marzouk

“…However, 18 months after first experiencing symptoms, she was found to have metastases to the brainstem and lung. When diagnosing sarcoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland, it is important to perform thorough immunohistochemical staining and exclude a previous history of sarcoma or other sources of metastases. …”
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Thiol-Disulfide Homeostasis in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Rats by Enes Aydın, Serpil Mungan Durankaya, Osman Yilmaz, Günay Kirkim, Safiye Aktaş, Salim Neşelioğlu, Özcan Erel, Yüksel Olgun, Abdullah Dalgıç

“…Auditory brainstem response thresholds were recorded at 8, 12, 16, 20, and 32 kHz frequencies. …”
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Three-dimensional architecture and linearized mapping of vibrissa follicle afferents by Ben Gerhardt, Jette Alfken, Jakob Reichmann, Tim Salditt, Michael Brecht

“…Such follicle linearization presumably instructs downstream linear brainstem barrelettes. Synchrotron imaging provides a synopsis of afferents and mechanotransductory machinery.…”
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Adaptive Neuroplastic Responses in Early and Late Hemispherectomized Monkeys by Mark W. Burke, Ron Kupers, Maurice Ptito

“…Human and primate studies suggest a critical role for subcortical and brainstem structures as well as corticospinal tracts in the neuroanatomical reorganization which result in the remarkable behavioral recovery following hemispherectomy. …”
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Early Hearing-Impairment Results in Crossmodal Reorganization of Ferret Core Auditory Cortex by M. Alex Meredith, Brian L. Allman

“…These data, along with similar observations from adult-deafened and adult hearing-impaired animals, support the recently proposed brainstem theory for crossmodal plasticity induced by hearing loss.…”
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Approaches to the Modulation of Abdominal Pain by Emeran A Mayer, Tony Lembo, Lin Chang

“…Even though the precise mechanisms and sites underlying these alterations remain incompletely understood, plausible targets for the development of effective pharmacological treatments are receptors on peripheral terminals of visceral afferent nerves (opioids and serotonin), ion channels and receptors on dorsal horn neurons within the spinal cord (opioids, glutamate, calcitonin gene-related peptide and neurokinin-1), and supraspinal targets in the brainstem within the limbic system and in the prefrontal cortex (serotonin, catecholamines, dopamine and acetylcholine). …”
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Neurosurgical aspects of marble bone disease: treatment modalities and outcome by Mahmoud Mohammed Gamal, Roshdy Elkhayat, Hassan Mohammed Hassan

“…Complications from increased bone density like elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), compressing neural tissues, especially the cranial nerves (CNs), spinal cord, and brainstem, are common problems. Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate neurosurgical problems caused by osteopetrosis focusing on the effectiveness of different treatment modalities and their outcomes. …”
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Expression of the cellular prion protein by mast cells in white-tailed deer carotid body, cervical lymph nodes and ganglia by Anthony E. Kincaid, Nathaniel D. Denkers, Erin E. McNulty, Caitlyn N. Kraft, Jason C. Bartz, Candace K. Mathiason

“…Carotid bodies (CBs) are structures that are exposed to blood-borne prions and are densely innervated by nerves that are directly connected to brainstem nuclei, known to be early sites of prion neuroinvasion. …”
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Fatal Basilar Thrombosis Possibly Related to Minor Cervical Trauma: A Case Report by Elmaz Shaqiri, Gentian Vyshka, Admir Sinamati, Besim Ymaj, Zija Ismaili

“…The brain was swollen and clearly hyperemic; a massive basilar thrombus with complete occlusion of the median segment of the basilar artery was macroscopically seen. The brainstem showed an infarcted zone in the pons, with secondary hemorrhagic changes, mainly in the form of multiple petechial hemorrhages. …”
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Acute cerebral edema: a lethal neurological complication in a patient with COVID-19 infection. Case report and literature review by M. Puodžiūnaitė, R. Sadeckaitė, A. Čikotienė

“…More serious medical conditions such as cerebral edema, neuronal degeneration, encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis, Miller-Fisher syndrome, polyneuritis, toxic encephalopathy, and stroke can occur. …”
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Mucormycosis Leading to Cerebral Edema and Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant: A Case Report by Chetan Jeurkar, Lauren Margetich, Ziver Sahin

“…On autopsy, it was found she had angioinvasive mucormycosis in her frontal lobe leading to cerebral edema which eventually led to tonsillar herniation and brainstem infarction. Her lungs were the likely source of infectious dissemination. …”
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Trichostatin A suppresses hearing loss by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in an Alport syndrome model. by Yoon Seok Nam, Eun-Ji Gi, Yoo-Seung Ko, Sungsu Lee, Hyong-Ho Cho

“…Col4a3 knockout (KO) mice were treated with TSA at 3 weeks of age, and hearing levels were measured using auditory brainstem response (ABR). The results demonstrate that TSA significantly protects the hearing of KO mice compared to the untreated group. …”
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Afferent Connections to the Rostrolateral Part of the Periaqueductal Gray: A Critical Region Influencing the Motivation Drive to Hunt and Forage by Sandra Regina Mota-Ortiz, Marcia Harumi Sukikara, Luciano Freitas Felicio, Newton Sabino Canteras

“…Moreover, the rlPAG also receives a wealth of information from different amygdalar, hypothalamic, and brainstem sites related to feeding, drinking, or hunting behavioral responses. …”
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Long-Term Moderate-Level Noise Exposure Caused Hyperexcitability in the Central Auditory System by Fei Xu, Guangdi Chen, Li Li, Wei Sun

“…The cochlear function was monitored by auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). The behavioral auditory sensitivity and temporal processing were evaluated using the acoustic startle response (ASR) and gap-induced prepulse inhibition (gap-PPI). …”
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Distinct Molecular Effects of Angiotensin II and Angiotensin III in Rat Astrocytes by Michelle A. Clark, Chinh Nguyen, Hieu Tran

“…In these studies, we used brainstem and cerebellum astrocytes to determine whether Ang II’s phosphorylation of these MAP kinases is due to the conversion of the peptide to Ang III. …”
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