Impact of Renal Replacement Therapy on Outcomes of Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Acute Liver Failure: A Cohort Study by Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti, Nauman ul Haq, Nayyer Mehmood, Danyal Hassan, Arsalan Ahmed, Wasim Tariq Malik, Haseeb Haider Zia, Mohammad Salih, Nusrat Yar Khan, Abid Ilyas, Nasir Ayub Khan

“…The use of RRT lowers serum ammonia levels and might reduce posttransplant mortality due to brainstem herniation.…”
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Brain-wide activation involved in 15 mA transcranial alternating current stimulation in patients with first-episode major depressive disorder by Jie Wang, Qing Xue, Wenfeng Zhao, Huang Wang, Haixia Leng, Mao Peng, Xiukun Jin, Liucen Tan, Keming Gao, Hongxing Wang, Baoquan Min

“…Background Although 15 mA transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has a therapeutic effect on depression, the activations of brain structures in humans accounting for this tACS configuration remain largely unknown.Aims To investigate which intracranial brain structures are engaged in the tACS at 77.5 Hz and 15 mA, delivered via the forehead and the mastoid electrodes in the human brain.Methods Actual human head models were built using the magnetic resonance imagings of eight outpatient volunteers with drug-naïve, first-episode major depressive disorder and then used to perform the electric field distributions with SimNIBS software.Results The electric field distributions of the sagittal, coronal and axial planes showed that the bilateral frontal lobes, bilateral temporal lobes, hippocampus, cingulate, hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, cerebellum and brainstem were visibly stimulated by the 15 mA tACS procedure.Conclusions Brain-wide activation, including the cortex, subcortical structures, cerebellum and brainstem, is involved in the 15 mA tACS intervention for first-episode major depressive disorder. …”
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Medial and lateral vestibulospinal projections to the cervical spinal cord of the squirrel monkey by Richard Boyle

“…IntroductionThe brainstem vestibular nuclei neurons receive synaptic inputs from inner ear acceleration-sensing hair cells, cerebellar output neurons, and ascending signals from spinal proprioceptive-related neurons. …”
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Modulation of stress-related behaviour by preproglucagon neurons and hypothalamic projections to the nucleus of the solitary tract by Marie K. Holt, Natalia Valderrama, Maria J. Polanco, Imogen Hayter, Ellena G. Badenoch, Stefan Trapp, Linda Rinaman

“…Our findings reveal sex differences in behavioural responses to PPG neural activation and highlight a hypothalamic-brainstem pathway in stress-induced hypophagia.…”
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Neuropati Auditori by Sukri Rahman, Rossy Rosalinda

“…Neuropati auditori ditandai dengan hasil abnormal pada brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA), tetapi otoacoustic emission (OAE) yang normal. …”
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Vagal nerve stimulation dynamically alters anxiety-like behavior in rats by A.G. Butler, J.K. Bassi, A.A. Connelly, M.R. Melo, A.M. Allen, S.J. McDougall

“…Finally, a c-Fos assay was performed to evaluate VNS-driven neuronal activation within the brainstem. Results: Mid-intensity VNS reduced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze and open field test. …”
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Circuits in the Ventral Medulla That Phase-Lock Motoneurons for Coordinated Sniffing and Whisking by Martin Deschênes, Anastasia Kurnikova, Michael Elbaz, David Kleinfeld

“…The exploratory behavior of rodents is characterized by stereotypical movements of the vibrissae, nose, and head, which are phase locked with rapid respiration, that is, sniffing. Here we review the brainstem circuitry that coordinates these actions and propose that respiration may act as a master clock for binding orofacial inputs across different sensory modalities.…”
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Postanoxic Burst Suppression Electroencephalogram in a Comatose Child Associated with Spontaneous Eyelid Opening by John R. Crawford

“…Previous reports have correlated the onset of epileptiform bursts with the eye opening and attribute it to a brainstem-release phenomenon associated with poor prognosis. …”
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Successful Treatment of Incomplete Susac Syndrome with Simultaneous Corticosteroids and Plasmapheresis Followed by Rituximab by Mick B. Reedy, Yanping Wang, Brad R. Beinlich, William Nicholas Rose

“…He had cognitive impairment, corpus callosum lesions, and vestibulocochlear dysfunction on brainstem auditory evoked responses. He was treated with methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis, improved, and then, also received rituximab. …”
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Cognitive and Emotional Dysfunction after Central Pontine Myelinolysis by Tatia M. C. Lee, Crystal C. Y. Cheung, Esther Y. Y. Lau, Amanda Mak, Leonard S. W. Li

“…This case further substantiates the speculation that the brainstem plays a role in higher cognitive processes and emotional regulation.…”
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Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Signs and Symptoms, Neural Mechanisms, Positron Emission Tomography, and Therapeutic Interventions by K. L. Leenders, W. H. Oertel

“…Its time course is slow and is characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic and other brainstem neurons resulting in malfunctioning of the cerebral neuronal systems responsible for motor functions. …”
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Dysphagia in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Update. by Amarilis Barbié Rubiera, Ligia María Marcos Plasencia, Yolanda Aguilera Martínez

“…An important number of patients with cerebrovascular disease also present dysphagia as a result of damage in cerebral hemispheres or brainstem, which contributes to negative morbility and functional rehabilitation prognosis due to the complications liked with this condition. …”
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A proposal of visual assessment of serotonergic deficits in parkinsonian syndromes: An 123I-FP-CIT SPECT study by Tomoko Totsune, Toru Baba, Yoko Sugimura, Hideki Oizumi, Hiroyasu Tanaka, Toshiaki Takahashi, Masaru Yoshioka, Ken-ichi Nagamatsu, Atsushi Takeda

“…Objectives: The aims of this study were to propose a visual assessment grading system of brainstem 123I-FP-CIT uptake and investigate the ability of this method to differentiate PD from PS. …”
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Brain development using a multicomponent intravenous lipid emulsion in preterm infants by Katherine M. Ottolini, Julius Ngwa, Sudeepta K. Basu, Kushal Kapse, Melissa Liggett, Jonathan Murnick, Catherine Limperopoulos, Nickie Andescavage

“…Soybean oil-only infants demonstrated smaller brainstem volumes (β [95% CI] = -0.5 [-0.8,-0.1], p = .007); additionally less mature white matter development (mean diffusivity [MD, mm2/second x10− 3] and fractional anisotropy [FA]) in the corpus callosum (MD genu: β = 0.10 [0.01, 0.20], p = .04; splenium: β = 0.14 [0.04, 0.24], p = .006), posterior limbs of internal capsule (MD right (R): β = 0.05 [0.02, 0.08], p = .004, left (L): β = 0.04 [0.01, 0.08], p = .01; FA R: β = -0.03 [-0.06, -0.00], p = .03), and brainstem (FA R: β = 0.07 [0.04, 0.10], p < .001, L: β = 0.05 [0.02, 0.09], p = .002); and lower quality of movement (β = -0.54 [-0.97, -0.11], p = .02) and higher state-related stress (β = 1.41 [0.14, 2.83], p = .04). …”
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Saccadic Alterations in Severe Developmental Dyslexia by Stefano Pensiero, Agostino Accardo, Paola Michieletto, Paolo Brambilla

“…Subclinical saccadic alterations were present, which could be at the basis of the reading pathology: (1) low velocities (and larger durations) of the adducting saccades of the left eye with undershooting and long-lasting postsaccadic onward drift, typical of the internuclear ophthalmoplegia; (2) saccades interrupted in mid-flight and fixation instability, which are present in cases of brainstem premotor disturbances.…”
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Diagnostic Dilemma in a Young Woman with Acute Headache: Delayed Diagnosis of Third Ventricular Colloid Cyst with Hydrocephalus by Jasem Y. Al-Hashel, Azza A. H. Rady, Doaa Y. Soliman, Periasamy Vembu

“…No surgical intervention was tried since the patient developed early signs of brainstem coning by the time she was seen by neurosurgeon. …”
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Hemorrhagic Stroke in a Young Adult with Undiagnosed Asymptomatic Dandy–Walker Malformation by Haleem Abdul, Joseph Burns, Andrea Estevez, Carlos Nasr El-Nimer, Brinsley Ekinde, Sherard Lacaille

“…The literature reveals adult symptomatology including brainstem infarction, psychosis, and neuromuscular disease. …”
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Limb Pain as Unusual Presentation of a Parietal Intraparenchymal Bleeding Associated with Crack Cocaine Use: A Case Report by Alan Lucerna, James Espinosa, Taimur Zaman, Risha Hertz, Douglas Stranges

“…Acute central pain is mainly associated with parietal, thalamic, and brainstem lesions. It has been proposed that acute limb pain from a parietal lobe stroke is due to the disconnection of the parietal cortex from the thalamus secondary to the interruption of the pathways between the hemisphere and thalamus/basal ganglia.…”
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Clinical Brain Death with False Positive Radionuclide Cerebral Perfusion Scans by Sindhaghatta Venkatram, Sara Bughio, Gilda Diaz-Fuentes

“…Practice guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology for the determination of brain death in adults define brain death as “the irreversible loss of function of the brain, including the brainstem.” Neurological determination of brain death is primarily based on clinical examination; if clinical criteria are met, a definitive confirmatory test is indicated. …”
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High-Dose Methotrexate for the Treatment of Relapsed Central Nervous System Erdheim-Chester Disease by Prahlad Ho, Carole Smith

“…We describe a case of a 60-year-old lady with a 5-year history of stable systemic ECD who presented with new brainstem lesions and rapid, steroid-refractory neurological deterioration which required immediate intervention. …”
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