Oral delivery of bovine tuberculosis vaccine to free-ranging white-tailed deer by Kurt VerCauteren, Abigail Feuka, Michael Lavelle, Michael Glow, Keely Kohen, Patrick Ryan, Tony Aderman, Anthony Duffiney, Mitchell Palmer, Paola M. Boggiatto, Carly Kanipe, Hayden Hamby, Emily Ruell, Melinda Cosgrove, Michael Vanderklok, Nathan Snow, Kim M. Pepin, Henry Campa

“…Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a widely used human vaccine for tuberculosis that has also been well studied in domestic livestock and wildlife. …”
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Tuberculosis vaccines and therapeutic drug: challenges and future directions by Yajing An, Ruizi Ni, Li Zhuang, Ling Yang, Zhaoyang Ye, Linsheng Li, Seppo Parkkila, Ashok Aspatwar, Wenping Gong

“…Despite the deployment of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and available therapeutic agents, the escalation of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains underscores the pressing need for more efficacious vaccines and treatments. …”
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Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Diseases (MSMD) in a 13-Year-Old Ethiopian Girl with Autosomal Dominant Interferon Gamma Receptor 1(IFN-γ R1) Defect: A Clinical Diagnosti... by Netsanet Azene Gebeyehu, Solomie Jebessa Deribessa, Freeman Alexandra, Messay Tesfaye Demissie, W Mihretu Gebre, Aklilu Melaku Gebremariam, Dagmawit Mitiku Engliz, Tizita Yosef Kidane, Lidya Million Bekele, Abate Yeshidinber Weldetsadik

“…MSMD is characterized by vulnerability to less virulent mycobacteria, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine strains, as well as environmental mycobacteria (EM). …”
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Paediatric Contacts of Adult COVID-19 Patients: Clinical Parameters, Risk Factors, and Outcome by Ammara Farooq, Taimur Khalil Sheikh, Fibhaa Syed, Tehmina Mustafa

“…Majority of the contacts had been vaccinated with the BCG vaccine. Testing for COVID-19 was done in only 77 (56%) contacts, 25 (32%) by the government team, and 52 (67%) privately. …”
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Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a Novel Recombinant BCG Strain Overexpressing Antigens Ag85A and Ag85B by Chun Wang, Ruiling Fu, Zhenhua Chen, Kun Tan, Lingxia Chen, Xindong Teng, Jia Lu, Chunwei Shi, Xionglin Fan

“…Recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (rBCG) strain is the promising vaccine candidate for tuberculosis (TB) prevention, which aims at providing more enduring and enhanced protection than the parental BCG vaccine. In this study, three rBCG strains overexpressing immunodominant antigens Ag85B (rBCG::85B), Ag85A (rBCG::85A), or both (rBCG::AB) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were constructed, respectively. rBCG strains showed higher level of overexpression of Ag85A and/or Ag85B proteins than BCG containing empty vector pMV261(rBCG::261), which had low levels of endogenous expression of both proteins as expected. rBCG::AB strain could provide the strongest short-term and long-term protection in the lung against intravenous infection with virulent M. tuberculosis than rBCG::261 control and other two rBCG strains overexpressing single antigen. …”
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Evaluation of Humoral Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific Antigens for Correlation with Clinical Status and Effective Vaccine Development by Mamiko Niki, Maho Suzukawa, Shunsuke Akashi, Hideaki Nagai, Ken Ohta, Manabu Inoue, Makoto Niki, Yukihiro Kaneko, Kozo Morimoto, Atsuyuki Kurashima, Seigo Kitada, Sohkichi Matsumoto, Koichi Suzuki, Yoshihiko Hoshino

“…However, the recent failure of a clinical trial for a booster BCG vaccine and increasing evidence of antibody-mediated immunity prompted us to evaluate humoral immunity to Mtb-specific antigens. …”
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Immune responses of cattle vaccinated by various routes with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) by Mitchell V. Palmer, Soyoun Hwang, Carly Kanipe, Ellie J. Putz, Luis Guilherme Virgilio Fernandes, Anna Didkowska, Paola M. Boggiatto

“…Abstract Background Mycobacterium bovis BCG is the human tuberculosis vaccine and is the oldest vaccine still in use today with over 4 billion people vaccinated since 1921. The BCG vaccine has also been investigated experimentally in cattle and wildlife by various routes including oral and parenteral. …”
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BCG-Induced Trained Immunity in Healthy Individuals: The Effect of Plasma Muramyl Dipeptide Concentrations by Vera P. Mourits, Valerie A. C. M. Koeken, L. Charlotte J. de Bree, Simone J. C. F. M. Moorlag, Wern Cui Chu, Xiaoli Xu, Helga Dijkstra, Heidi Lemmers, Leo A. B. Joosten, Yue Wang, Reinout van Crevel, Mihai G. Netea

“…BCG vaccination protects not only against tuberculosis but also against heterologous infections. …”
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BAFF and APRIL immunotherapy following Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination enhances protection against pulmonary tuberculosis in mice by Min Xie, Chen-Yu Tsai, Joshua Woo, Frank Nuritdinov, Melissa Cristaldo, Narineh M. Odjourian, Rosleine Antilus-Sainte, Maureen Dougher, Martin Gengenbacher, Martin Gengenbacher

“…Following subcutaneous BCG vaccination, immunotherapy with BAFF or APRIL resulted in an increased frequency of unconventional B cells potentially transitioning into antibody-producing plasma cells. …”
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Vaccination with an Attenuated Ferritin Mutant Protects Mice against Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Selvakumar Subbian, Ruchi Pandey, Patricia Soteropoulos, G. Marcela Rodriguez

“…The results show that the protection elicited by immunization with the bfrB mutant is comparable to BCG vaccination with respect to reduction of bacterial burden. …”
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Differentially Expressed Genes Study Shown Potential for BCG Stimulation in Reducing the Severity of COVID-19 by Irandi Putra Pratomo, Aryo Tedjo, Dimas R Noor, Wisnu Ananta Kusuma

“…The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, which is commonly administered in TB endemic countries, was previously reported to have a nonspecific protective effect against several infections, including COVID-19. …”
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Footprint of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Study of Immune Landscape and Other Factors Shielding Mortality by Noura Al-Dayan, Divya Venugopal, Sugapriya Dhanasekaran

“…Additionally, enhanced immunity through BCG vaccination may favor fruitful eradication of SARS-CoV-2 and provide the way out as in therapeutic intervention and vaccination strategies.…”
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Caecal Perforation from Primary Intestinal Tuberculosis in Pregnancy by Soe Lwin, Nina Lau Lee Jing, Haris Suharjono, Mardiana binti Kipli, Tin Moe Nwe, Myat San Yi, Lucas Luk Tien Wee

“…The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is rising worldwide, despite the efficacy of the BCG vaccination. Populations at greatest risk of contracting TB are migrant communities, as well as immunocompromised individuals. …”
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Mixed vaccination strategy for the control of tuberculosis: A case study in China by Siyu Liu, Yong Li, Yingjie Bi, Qingdao Huang

“…This study first presents a mathematical model of TB transmission considering BCG vaccination compartment to investigate the transmission dynamics nowadays. …”
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Tuberculosis in Pregnancy: A Review by Olabisi M. Loto, Ibraheem Awowole

“…Successful control of TB demands improved living conditions, public enlightenment, primary prevention of HIV/AIDS and BCG vaccination.…”
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Family-Centered Approaches to Pediatric Tuberculosis and Nutritional Challenges in North Aceh: A Qualitative Study by Mardiati, Anna Millizia, Noviana Zara, Khania Atika, Najwa Zakiyya

“…Conclusions: The proposed interventions include increasing TB awareness, promoting BCG vaccination, considering socioeconomic factors, enhancing treatment adherence, and integrating nutritional support into management strategies. …”
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Clinical Features and Genetic Analysis of 48 Patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease in a Single Center Study from Shanghai, China (2005–2015): New Studies and a Literature Rev... by Jing Wu, Wei-Fan Wang, Yi-Dan Zhang, Tong-Xin Chen

“…In addition, septicopyemia, thrush, and hepatosplenomegaly were also commonly observed, accounting for 23%, 23%, and 40% of the cases. Lesions due to BCG vaccination occurred in more than half of the patients. …”
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Strong immune responses and robust protection following a novel protein in adjuvant tuberculosis vaccine candidate by Marcellus Korompis, Christopher J De Voss, Shuailin Li, Alexandre Richard, Salem Salman Almujri, Alberta Ateere, Géraldine Frank, Céline Lemoine, Helen McShane, Elena Stylianou

“…While all adjuvants were immunogenic, PPE15 with LMQ protected vaccinated mice against an in vivo Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge, both as a standalone vaccine and as a boost to BCG. Vaccinated mice had enriched lung parenchymal antigen-specific CD4 + CXCR3 + KLRG1− T cells previously associated with TB protection. …”
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