Temporal and Spatial Seasonal Variations in Quality of Gravity Flow Water in Kyanamira Sub-County, Kabale District, Uganda
The study was designed to investigate temporal and spatial seasonal variations in quality properties of gravity flow water samples collected from Kigata, Kacuro, Kihanga, Kitibya and Kanjobe located in Kyanamira Sub-County, Kabale District, Uganda. Physical, chemical and biological parameters suc...
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2022
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| author | Hannington, Ngabirano Denis, Byamugisha Emmanuel, Ntambi |
| author_facet | Hannington, Ngabirano Denis, Byamugisha Emmanuel, Ntambi |
| author_sort | Hannington, Ngabirano |
| collection | KAB-DR |
| description | The study was designed to investigate temporal and spatial seasonal variations
in quality properties of gravity flow water samples collected from Kigata, Kacuro,
Kihanga, Kitibya and Kanjobe located in Kyanamira Sub-County, Kabale
District, Uganda. Physical, chemical and biological parameters such as
pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity,
turbidity, colour and total suspended solids, total hardness, total alkalinity,
chloride, fluoride, nitrates-N, nitrites-N, ammonium-N, sulphates, total phosphate,
sodium, calcium, magnesium and some heavy metals were analyzed.
Total iron, lead, chromium, copper, zinc, manganese and cadmium were analyzed
by atomic absorption spectrometry. Two of the basic biological parameters
for drinking water such as faecal coliforms and salmonella were analyzed
by incubation followed by counting colony forming units (CFUs). Statistical
presentations of data including cluster analysis, dendrograms and principal
component analysis were used with the assistance of PAST software. Temperature,
pH, TDS dissolved oxygen, cations, anions (chemical parameters) and
salmonella, faecal coliforms were the major contributing parameters to gravity
flow water’s quality variations during both seasons. Values of pH ranged between
3.78 and 4.84 from March to August in all study sites and they were
consistently below the WHO permissible pH range of 6.5 - 8.5. Total suspended
solids ranged between 0.66 and 2.17 mg·L−1 and were above the recommended
WHO limit of zero value in all study sites. Salmonella and faecal
coliforms colonies were present in scaring numbers in the wet season. In
March, salmonella counts at Kacuro (14 CFU) and Kanjobe (128 CFU) while
faecal coliforms counts at Kacuro (515 CFU) and Kanjobe (228 CFU). The
findings of this study call for special attention when using gravity flow water. |
| format | Article |
| id | oai:idr.kab.ac.ug:20.500.12493-671 |
| institution | KAB-DR |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Scientific Research Publishing |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | oai:idr.kab.ac.ug:20.500.12493-6712024-01-17T04:50:32Z Temporal and Spatial Seasonal Variations in Quality of Gravity Flow Water in Kyanamira Sub-County, Kabale District, Uganda Hannington, Ngabirano Denis, Byamugisha Emmanuel, Ntambi Temporal, Spatial, Seasonal Variations, Gravity Flow Water, Physical, Chemical, and Biological Parameters The study was designed to investigate temporal and spatial seasonal variations in quality properties of gravity flow water samples collected from Kigata, Kacuro, Kihanga, Kitibya and Kanjobe located in Kyanamira Sub-County, Kabale District, Uganda. Physical, chemical and biological parameters such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, turbidity, colour and total suspended solids, total hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, fluoride, nitrates-N, nitrites-N, ammonium-N, sulphates, total phosphate, sodium, calcium, magnesium and some heavy metals were analyzed. Total iron, lead, chromium, copper, zinc, manganese and cadmium were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Two of the basic biological parameters for drinking water such as faecal coliforms and salmonella were analyzed by incubation followed by counting colony forming units (CFUs). Statistical presentations of data including cluster analysis, dendrograms and principal component analysis were used with the assistance of PAST software. Temperature, pH, TDS dissolved oxygen, cations, anions (chemical parameters) and salmonella, faecal coliforms were the major contributing parameters to gravity flow water’s quality variations during both seasons. Values of pH ranged between 3.78 and 4.84 from March to August in all study sites and they were consistently below the WHO permissible pH range of 6.5 - 8.5. Total suspended solids ranged between 0.66 and 2.17 mg·L−1 and were above the recommended WHO limit of zero value in all study sites. Salmonella and faecal coliforms colonies were present in scaring numbers in the wet season. In March, salmonella counts at Kacuro (14 CFU) and Kanjobe (128 CFU) while faecal coliforms counts at Kacuro (515 CFU) and Kanjobe (228 CFU). The findings of this study call for special attention when using gravity flow water. Kabale University 2022-08-19T07:27:53Z 2022-08-19T07:27:53Z 2017 Article Ngabirano, H., Byamugisha, D. and Ntambi, E. (2017) Temporal and Spatial Seasonal Variations in Quality of Gravity Flow Water in Kyanamira Sub-County, Kabale District, Uganda. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 9, 455-469. Online: 1945-3108 Print: 1945-3094 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12493/671 application/pdf Scientific Research Publishing |
| spellingShingle | Temporal, Spatial, Seasonal Variations, Gravity Flow Water, Physical, Chemical, and Biological Parameters Hannington, Ngabirano Denis, Byamugisha Emmanuel, Ntambi Temporal and Spatial Seasonal Variations in Quality of Gravity Flow Water in Kyanamira Sub-County, Kabale District, Uganda |
| title | Temporal and Spatial Seasonal Variations in Quality of Gravity Flow Water in Kyanamira Sub-County, Kabale District, Uganda |
| title_full | Temporal and Spatial Seasonal Variations in Quality of Gravity Flow Water in Kyanamira Sub-County, Kabale District, Uganda |
| title_fullStr | Temporal and Spatial Seasonal Variations in Quality of Gravity Flow Water in Kyanamira Sub-County, Kabale District, Uganda |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temporal and Spatial Seasonal Variations in Quality of Gravity Flow Water in Kyanamira Sub-County, Kabale District, Uganda |
| title_short | Temporal and Spatial Seasonal Variations in Quality of Gravity Flow Water in Kyanamira Sub-County, Kabale District, Uganda |
| title_sort | temporal and spatial seasonal variations in quality of gravity flow water in kyanamira sub county kabale district uganda |
| topic | Temporal, Spatial, Seasonal Variations, Gravity Flow Water, Physical, Chemical, and Biological Parameters |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12493/671 |
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