Development of a miniaturized electrochemical biochip

The technological evolution towards portable systems for nucleic acids (NAs) analysis is central in diagnostics and healthcare. Conventional approaches for genetic analysis require multistep procedures, from the genetic material purification to its detection, that are mostly based on the NA amplific...

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Main Authors: Giovanni Bella, Paolo Calorenni, Neeraj Yadav, Emanuele Luigi Sciuto, Angelo Alberto Messina, Katia Buonasera, Leandro Lorenzelli, Sabrina Conoci
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Lab on a Chip Technologies
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frlct.2025.1611743/full
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author Giovanni Bella
Paolo Calorenni
Neeraj Yadav
Emanuele Luigi Sciuto
Angelo Alberto Messina
Katia Buonasera
Leandro Lorenzelli
Sabrina Conoci
Sabrina Conoci
author_facet Giovanni Bella
Paolo Calorenni
Neeraj Yadav
Emanuele Luigi Sciuto
Angelo Alberto Messina
Katia Buonasera
Leandro Lorenzelli
Sabrina Conoci
Sabrina Conoci
author_sort Giovanni Bella
collection DOAJ
description The technological evolution towards portable systems for nucleic acids (NAs) analysis is central in diagnostics and healthcare. Conventional approaches for genetic analysis require multistep procedures, from the genetic material purification to its detection, that are mostly based on the NA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and constrained to bulky specialized instruments and dedicated laboratories. These limitations imply an increase in time and cost of analysis avoiding the possibility of massive molecular screening, as in the case of an infectious pandemic, and accessible diagnosis. Therefore, research efforts are moving towards new Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technologies that guarantee a more integrated, decentralized, user-friendly, and low-cost NA analysis. These are based on miniaturized optical or electrical chips on which it is possible to integrate a sensing surface for specific analytical applications. In this scenario, we presented the fabrication and characterization of a miniaturized electrochemical (EC) biochip as a potential LoC for genetic applications. The chip was developed with microfabricated electrodes on top and polycarbonate/PDMS microchambers for the surface treatment and functionalization. The characterization of chip EC performances has been performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Moreover, the chip surface has been functionalized with thiol-modified oligonucleotides, whose immobilization has been characterized by contact angle (CA) and surface free energy (SFE) analysis. Results reported a good robustness and responsivity of the chip proving its suitability for sensing array preparation and integration in a LoC format.
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spelling doaj-art-fff57bdf282e41d8b60ed0ec08ab9d992025-08-20T03:20:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Lab on a Chip Technologies2813-38622025-06-01410.3389/frlct.2025.16117431611743Development of a miniaturized electrochemical biochipGiovanni Bella0Paolo Calorenni1Neeraj Yadav2Emanuele Luigi Sciuto3Angelo Alberto Messina4Katia Buonasera5Leandro Lorenzelli6Sabrina Conoci7Sabrina Conoci8Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, ItalyCenter for Sensors and Devices (SD), FBK—Foundation Bruno Kessler, Trento, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, ItalySTMicroelectronics, Catania, ItalyConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), Messina, ItalyCenter for Sensors and Devices (SD), FBK—Foundation Bruno Kessler, Trento, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyThe technological evolution towards portable systems for nucleic acids (NAs) analysis is central in diagnostics and healthcare. Conventional approaches for genetic analysis require multistep procedures, from the genetic material purification to its detection, that are mostly based on the NA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and constrained to bulky specialized instruments and dedicated laboratories. These limitations imply an increase in time and cost of analysis avoiding the possibility of massive molecular screening, as in the case of an infectious pandemic, and accessible diagnosis. Therefore, research efforts are moving towards new Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technologies that guarantee a more integrated, decentralized, user-friendly, and low-cost NA analysis. These are based on miniaturized optical or electrical chips on which it is possible to integrate a sensing surface for specific analytical applications. In this scenario, we presented the fabrication and characterization of a miniaturized electrochemical (EC) biochip as a potential LoC for genetic applications. The chip was developed with microfabricated electrodes on top and polycarbonate/PDMS microchambers for the surface treatment and functionalization. The characterization of chip EC performances has been performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Moreover, the chip surface has been functionalized with thiol-modified oligonucleotides, whose immobilization has been characterized by contact angle (CA) and surface free energy (SFE) analysis. Results reported a good robustness and responsivity of the chip proving its suitability for sensing array preparation and integration in a LoC format.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frlct.2025.1611743/fulllab-on-a-chipgenetic analysiselectrochemical impedance spectroscopycyclic voltammetryPCR-free analysis
spellingShingle Giovanni Bella
Paolo Calorenni
Neeraj Yadav
Emanuele Luigi Sciuto
Angelo Alberto Messina
Katia Buonasera
Leandro Lorenzelli
Sabrina Conoci
Sabrina Conoci
Development of a miniaturized electrochemical biochip
Frontiers in Lab on a Chip Technologies
lab-on-a-chip
genetic analysis
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
cyclic voltammetry
PCR-free analysis
title Development of a miniaturized electrochemical biochip
title_full Development of a miniaturized electrochemical biochip
title_fullStr Development of a miniaturized electrochemical biochip
title_full_unstemmed Development of a miniaturized electrochemical biochip
title_short Development of a miniaturized electrochemical biochip
title_sort development of a miniaturized electrochemical biochip
topic lab-on-a-chip
genetic analysis
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
cyclic voltammetry
PCR-free analysis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frlct.2025.1611743/full
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