Temperature and Photoperiod Control of Shoot Growth and Floral Bud Initiation in Biennial-Fruiting Blackberries
Growth and flower bud initiation (FBI) were studied in single-stem plants of four biennial-fruiting cultivars in a controlled environment and under field conditions at 60°40′ N. Shoot growth varied widely among the cultivars but was significantly enhanced by high temperature (20 °C) in all cultivars...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Anita Sønsteby Mirjana Sadojevic Ola M. Heide |
| author_facet | Anita Sønsteby Mirjana Sadojevic Ola M. Heide |
| author_sort | Anita Sønsteby |
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| description | Growth and flower bud initiation (FBI) were studied in single-stem plants of four biennial-fruiting cultivars in a controlled environment and under field conditions at 60°40′ N. Shoot growth varied widely among the cultivars but was significantly enhanced by high temperature (20 °C) in all cultivars, whereas photoperiod had a subordinate growth effect. FBI data from bud dissection after 6 weeks of cultivation in the phytotron were used to calculate FBI indices for the various cultivars and environment conditions. The indices also varied much among the cultivars but were enhanced by elevated temperature, being highest in ‘Natchez’ and ‘Sweet Royalla’, while ‘Natchez’ was the only cultivar in which FBI was significantly enhanced by short days. The non-vigorous and erect growing ‘Ouachita’ remained vegetative at both temperatures but flowered in spring after overwintering at 0.5 °C. The field experiment confirmed the superior growth vigor of ‘Loch Ness’ and ‘Sweet Royalla’ as well as the photoperiodic sensitivity of ‘Natchez’. The results also confirmed that floral initiation starts in lateral buds located 10–20 nodes below the apex, and from there it progresses in both acropetal and basipetal direction. We conclude that temperature is at least as important as the photoperiod for the control of FBI in biennial-fruiting blackberries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ffe94b7988e342a6aa3543ca046f5eb8 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj-art-ffe94b7988e342a6aa3543ca046f5eb82025-08-20T02:55:45ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-12-011012129710.3390/horticulturae10121297Temperature and Photoperiod Control of Shoot Growth and Floral Bud Initiation in Biennial-Fruiting BlackberriesAnita Sønsteby0Mirjana Sadojevic1Ola M. Heide2Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Nylinna 226, NO-2849 Kapp, NorwayDepartment of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Nylinna 226, NO-2849 Kapp, NorwayFaculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, NorwayGrowth and flower bud initiation (FBI) were studied in single-stem plants of four biennial-fruiting cultivars in a controlled environment and under field conditions at 60°40′ N. Shoot growth varied widely among the cultivars but was significantly enhanced by high temperature (20 °C) in all cultivars, whereas photoperiod had a subordinate growth effect. FBI data from bud dissection after 6 weeks of cultivation in the phytotron were used to calculate FBI indices for the various cultivars and environment conditions. The indices also varied much among the cultivars but were enhanced by elevated temperature, being highest in ‘Natchez’ and ‘Sweet Royalla’, while ‘Natchez’ was the only cultivar in which FBI was significantly enhanced by short days. The non-vigorous and erect growing ‘Ouachita’ remained vegetative at both temperatures but flowered in spring after overwintering at 0.5 °C. The field experiment confirmed the superior growth vigor of ‘Loch Ness’ and ‘Sweet Royalla’ as well as the photoperiodic sensitivity of ‘Natchez’. The results also confirmed that floral initiation starts in lateral buds located 10–20 nodes below the apex, and from there it progresses in both acropetal and basipetal direction. We conclude that temperature is at least as important as the photoperiod for the control of FBI in biennial-fruiting blackberries.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1297controlled environmentflower bud initiation (FBI)FBI indexflowering and winter chillingshoot growthtemperature |
| spellingShingle | Anita Sønsteby Mirjana Sadojevic Ola M. Heide Temperature and Photoperiod Control of Shoot Growth and Floral Bud Initiation in Biennial-Fruiting Blackberries Horticulturae controlled environment flower bud initiation (FBI) FBI index flowering and winter chilling shoot growth temperature |
| title | Temperature and Photoperiod Control of Shoot Growth and Floral Bud Initiation in Biennial-Fruiting Blackberries |
| title_full | Temperature and Photoperiod Control of Shoot Growth and Floral Bud Initiation in Biennial-Fruiting Blackberries |
| title_fullStr | Temperature and Photoperiod Control of Shoot Growth and Floral Bud Initiation in Biennial-Fruiting Blackberries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temperature and Photoperiod Control of Shoot Growth and Floral Bud Initiation in Biennial-Fruiting Blackberries |
| title_short | Temperature and Photoperiod Control of Shoot Growth and Floral Bud Initiation in Biennial-Fruiting Blackberries |
| title_sort | temperature and photoperiod control of shoot growth and floral bud initiation in biennial fruiting blackberries |
| topic | controlled environment flower bud initiation (FBI) FBI index flowering and winter chilling shoot growth temperature |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1297 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anitasønsteby temperatureandphotoperiodcontrolofshootgrowthandfloralbudinitiationinbiennialfruitingblackberries AT mirjanasadojevic temperatureandphotoperiodcontrolofshootgrowthandfloralbudinitiationinbiennialfruitingblackberries AT olamheide temperatureandphotoperiodcontrolofshootgrowthandfloralbudinitiationinbiennialfruitingblackberries |