Development of Laser Underwater Transmission Model from Maximum Water Depth Perspective
The traditional method for the establishment of the green laser underwater transmission model is purely based on the laser transmission mechanism in waterbodies, while neglecting a few exterior conditions. This paper proposes a novel method to establish the underwater transmission model from a maxim...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Guoqing Zhou Kun Li Jian Gao Junyun Ma Ertao Gao Yanling Lu Jiasheng Xu Xiao Zhou |
| author_facet | Guoqing Zhou Kun Li Jian Gao Junyun Ma Ertao Gao Yanling Lu Jiasheng Xu Xiao Zhou |
| author_sort | Guoqing Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The traditional method for the establishment of the green laser underwater transmission model is purely based on the laser transmission mechanism in waterbodies, while neglecting a few exterior conditions. This paper proposes a novel method to establish the underwater transmission model from a maximum measurement depth perspective by refining the dynamic relationship between the effective received power <i>P<sub>A</sub></i> and the background noise power <i>P<sub>B</sub></i>. Different from the traditional empirical model of fixed <i>P<sub>A</sub>/P<sub>B</sub></i>, this method combines the sensor, flight, and environmental parameters of airborne LiDAR (ALB) to achieve the dynamic calibration of <i>P<sub>A</sub></i> and <i>P<sub>B</sub></i>. In particular, the empirical relationship between the maximum underwater measurement depth and the laser attenuation coefficient, coupled parameters, etc., is considered. The established model is verified by different types of experiments. The experimental results discovered that the errors are approximately 0.86 m and 1.28, under the same water conditions, when compared to the existing models. The validation experiments demonstrated that the errors for the maximum depth prediction were 0.38 m (indoor tank), 1.58 m (indoor swimming pool), 0.44 m (Li River, Guangxi), and 1.20 m (Beibu Gulf, Pacific Ocean). The experimental results demonstrated that the established model enables us to widely predict the maximum water depth measurable using an airborne LiDAR under different environmental conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ffe8a60492254fd18f09942d6d7350c5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-ffe8a60492254fd18f09942d6d7350c52025-08-20T03:29:35ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-06-011712198210.3390/rs17121982Development of Laser Underwater Transmission Model from Maximum Water Depth PerspectiveGuoqing Zhou0Kun Li1Jian Gao2Junyun Ma3Ertao Gao4Yanling Lu5Jiasheng Xu6Xiao Zhou7College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, ChinaCollege of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaThe traditional method for the establishment of the green laser underwater transmission model is purely based on the laser transmission mechanism in waterbodies, while neglecting a few exterior conditions. This paper proposes a novel method to establish the underwater transmission model from a maximum measurement depth perspective by refining the dynamic relationship between the effective received power <i>P<sub>A</sub></i> and the background noise power <i>P<sub>B</sub></i>. Different from the traditional empirical model of fixed <i>P<sub>A</sub>/P<sub>B</sub></i>, this method combines the sensor, flight, and environmental parameters of airborne LiDAR (ALB) to achieve the dynamic calibration of <i>P<sub>A</sub></i> and <i>P<sub>B</sub></i>. In particular, the empirical relationship between the maximum underwater measurement depth and the laser attenuation coefficient, coupled parameters, etc., is considered. The established model is verified by different types of experiments. The experimental results discovered that the errors are approximately 0.86 m and 1.28, under the same water conditions, when compared to the existing models. The validation experiments demonstrated that the errors for the maximum depth prediction were 0.38 m (indoor tank), 1.58 m (indoor swimming pool), 0.44 m (Li River, Guangxi), and 1.20 m (Beibu Gulf, Pacific Ocean). The experimental results demonstrated that the established model enables us to widely predict the maximum water depth measurable using an airborne LiDAR under different environmental conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/12/1982bathymetryLiDARALBmaximum water depthpredictionlaser |
| spellingShingle | Guoqing Zhou Kun Li Jian Gao Junyun Ma Ertao Gao Yanling Lu Jiasheng Xu Xiao Zhou Development of Laser Underwater Transmission Model from Maximum Water Depth Perspective Remote Sensing bathymetry LiDAR ALB maximum water depth prediction laser |
| title | Development of Laser Underwater Transmission Model from Maximum Water Depth Perspective |
| title_full | Development of Laser Underwater Transmission Model from Maximum Water Depth Perspective |
| title_fullStr | Development of Laser Underwater Transmission Model from Maximum Water Depth Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Laser Underwater Transmission Model from Maximum Water Depth Perspective |
| title_short | Development of Laser Underwater Transmission Model from Maximum Water Depth Perspective |
| title_sort | development of laser underwater transmission model from maximum water depth perspective |
| topic | bathymetry LiDAR ALB maximum water depth prediction laser |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/12/1982 |
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