Vortical waves in a quantum fluid with vector, axial and helical charges. II. Dissipative effects

Abstract In this paper, we consider the effect of interactions on the local, average polarization of a quantum plasma of massless fermion particles characterized by vector, axial, and helical quantum numbers. Due to the helical and axial vortical effects, perturbations in the vector charge in a rota...

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Main Authors: Sergio Morales-Tejera, Victor E. Ambruş, Maxim N. Chernodub
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-01-01
Series:European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13770-5
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author Sergio Morales-Tejera
Victor E. Ambruş
Maxim N. Chernodub
author_facet Sergio Morales-Tejera
Victor E. Ambruş
Maxim N. Chernodub
author_sort Sergio Morales-Tejera
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In this paper, we consider the effect of interactions on the local, average polarization of a quantum plasma of massless fermion particles characterized by vector, axial, and helical quantum numbers. Due to the helical and axial vortical effects, perturbations in the vector charge in a rotating plasma can lead to chiral and helical charge transfer along the direction of the vorticity vector. At the same time, interactions between the plasma constituents lead to the dissipation of the helical charge through helicity-violating pair annihilation (HVPA) processes and of the axial charge through the axial anomaly. We will discuss separately a QED-like plasma, in which we ignore background electromagnetic fields and thus the axial charge is approximately conserved, as well as a QCD-like plasma, where instanton effects lead to the violation of the axial charge conservation, even in the absence of background chromomagnetic fields. The non-conservation of helicity and chirality leads to a gapping of the Helical, Axial, and mixed Axial-Helical vortical waves that prevents their infrared modes from propagating. On the other hand, usual dissipative effects, such as charge diffusion, lead to significant damping of ultraviolet modes. We end this paper with a discussion of the regimes where these vortical waves may propagate.
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spelling doaj-art-ffdd44d6f932473cbeab53ceee6f1a1f2025-02-02T12:38:13ZengSpringerOpenEuropean Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields1434-60522025-01-0185113510.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13770-5Vortical waves in a quantum fluid with vector, axial and helical charges. II. Dissipative effectsSergio Morales-Tejera0Victor E. Ambruş1Maxim N. Chernodub2Department of Physics, West University of TimişoaraDepartment of Physics, West University of TimişoaraDepartment of Physics, West University of TimişoaraAbstract In this paper, we consider the effect of interactions on the local, average polarization of a quantum plasma of massless fermion particles characterized by vector, axial, and helical quantum numbers. Due to the helical and axial vortical effects, perturbations in the vector charge in a rotating plasma can lead to chiral and helical charge transfer along the direction of the vorticity vector. At the same time, interactions between the plasma constituents lead to the dissipation of the helical charge through helicity-violating pair annihilation (HVPA) processes and of the axial charge through the axial anomaly. We will discuss separately a QED-like plasma, in which we ignore background electromagnetic fields and thus the axial charge is approximately conserved, as well as a QCD-like plasma, where instanton effects lead to the violation of the axial charge conservation, even in the absence of background chromomagnetic fields. The non-conservation of helicity and chirality leads to a gapping of the Helical, Axial, and mixed Axial-Helical vortical waves that prevents their infrared modes from propagating. On the other hand, usual dissipative effects, such as charge diffusion, lead to significant damping of ultraviolet modes. We end this paper with a discussion of the regimes where these vortical waves may propagate.https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13770-5
spellingShingle Sergio Morales-Tejera
Victor E. Ambruş
Maxim N. Chernodub
Vortical waves in a quantum fluid with vector, axial and helical charges. II. Dissipative effects
European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
title Vortical waves in a quantum fluid with vector, axial and helical charges. II. Dissipative effects
title_full Vortical waves in a quantum fluid with vector, axial and helical charges. II. Dissipative effects
title_fullStr Vortical waves in a quantum fluid with vector, axial and helical charges. II. Dissipative effects
title_full_unstemmed Vortical waves in a quantum fluid with vector, axial and helical charges. II. Dissipative effects
title_short Vortical waves in a quantum fluid with vector, axial and helical charges. II. Dissipative effects
title_sort vortical waves in a quantum fluid with vector axial and helical charges ii dissipative effects
url https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13770-5
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