Comparative Analysis of Polyphenolic Acids from Various <i>Zea mays</i> Parts in Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

In this study, we compared different parameters in the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenolic acids from seven parts of <i>Zea mays</i> (kernels, leaves, stems, corn silks, roots, the whole plant, and the whole fermented plant) to identify its richest natural sources. Additionall...

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Main Authors: David Řepka, Lubomír Lapčík
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/9/1458
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author David Řepka
Lubomír Lapčík
author_facet David Řepka
Lubomír Lapčík
author_sort David Řepka
collection DOAJ
description In this study, we compared different parameters in the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenolic acids from seven parts of <i>Zea mays</i> (kernels, leaves, stems, corn silks, roots, the whole plant, and the whole fermented plant) to identify its richest natural sources. Additionally, the correlation between extraction parameters and polyphenol yield was investigated. The extraction was performed using ultrasound at varying powers (480 or 240 W) and frequencies (80 or 37 kHz). Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay, while radical scavenging activity (RSA) was assessed via the DPPH assay. The TPC values ranged from 0.69 ± 0.00008 mg GAE/g to 4.07 ± 0.0004 mg GAE/g in corn. RSA analysis revealed the highest scavenging activity in corn silk (80.06% ± 1.01) and the lowest in kernels (2.77% ± 0.90). High-performance liquid chromatography identified up to 22 different phenolic acids per sample, with the 5 most abundant being chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid ethyl ester, quercetin, sinapic acid, and <i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid. The study found small effects of power and frequency on the extraction efficiency. This suggests a practical advantage for industrial-scale applications, as using 240 W instead of 480 W under the same conditions can reduce energy consumption without compromising yield.
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spelling doaj-art-ffdc6b1a97b24e8292cbb6096ee95d9e2025-08-20T02:58:44ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-04-01149145810.3390/foods14091458Comparative Analysis of Polyphenolic Acids from Various <i>Zea mays</i> Parts in Ultrasound-Assisted ExtractionDavid Řepka0Lubomír Lapčík1Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech RepublicDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech RepublicIn this study, we compared different parameters in the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenolic acids from seven parts of <i>Zea mays</i> (kernels, leaves, stems, corn silks, roots, the whole plant, and the whole fermented plant) to identify its richest natural sources. Additionally, the correlation between extraction parameters and polyphenol yield was investigated. The extraction was performed using ultrasound at varying powers (480 or 240 W) and frequencies (80 or 37 kHz). Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay, while radical scavenging activity (RSA) was assessed via the DPPH assay. The TPC values ranged from 0.69 ± 0.00008 mg GAE/g to 4.07 ± 0.0004 mg GAE/g in corn. RSA analysis revealed the highest scavenging activity in corn silk (80.06% ± 1.01) and the lowest in kernels (2.77% ± 0.90). High-performance liquid chromatography identified up to 22 different phenolic acids per sample, with the 5 most abundant being chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid ethyl ester, quercetin, sinapic acid, and <i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid. The study found small effects of power and frequency on the extraction efficiency. This suggests a practical advantage for industrial-scale applications, as using 240 W instead of 480 W under the same conditions can reduce energy consumption without compromising yield.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/9/1458antioxidantspolyphenolstherapeutic applicationsultrasound extraction<i>Zea mays</i>
spellingShingle David Řepka
Lubomír Lapčík
Comparative Analysis of Polyphenolic Acids from Various <i>Zea mays</i> Parts in Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
Foods
antioxidants
polyphenols
therapeutic applications
ultrasound extraction
<i>Zea mays</i>
title Comparative Analysis of Polyphenolic Acids from Various <i>Zea mays</i> Parts in Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
title_full Comparative Analysis of Polyphenolic Acids from Various <i>Zea mays</i> Parts in Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
title_fullStr Comparative Analysis of Polyphenolic Acids from Various <i>Zea mays</i> Parts in Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
title_full_unstemmed Comparative Analysis of Polyphenolic Acids from Various <i>Zea mays</i> Parts in Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
title_short Comparative Analysis of Polyphenolic Acids from Various <i>Zea mays</i> Parts in Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
title_sort comparative analysis of polyphenolic acids from various i zea mays i parts in ultrasound assisted extraction
topic antioxidants
polyphenols
therapeutic applications
ultrasound extraction
<i>Zea mays</i>
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/9/1458
work_keys_str_mv AT davidrepka comparativeanalysisofpolyphenolicacidsfromvariousizeamaysipartsinultrasoundassistedextraction
AT lubomirlapcik comparativeanalysisofpolyphenolicacidsfromvariousizeamaysipartsinultrasoundassistedextraction