Risky business: medical students’ feedback-seeking behaviours: a mixed methods study

There are differing views on how learners’ feedback-seeking behaviours (FSB) develop during training. With globalisation has come medical student migration and programme internationalisation. Western-derived educational practices may prove challenging for diverse learner populations. Exploring under...

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Main Authors: Muirne Spooner, Ciarán Reinhardt, Fiona Boland, Samuel McConkey, Teresa Pawlikowska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Medical Education Online
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10872981.2024.2330259
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author Muirne Spooner
Ciarán Reinhardt
Fiona Boland
Samuel McConkey
Teresa Pawlikowska
author_facet Muirne Spooner
Ciarán Reinhardt
Fiona Boland
Samuel McConkey
Teresa Pawlikowska
author_sort Muirne Spooner
collection DOAJ
description There are differing views on how learners’ feedback-seeking behaviours (FSB) develop during training. With globalisation has come medical student migration and programme internationalisation. Western-derived educational practices may prove challenging for diverse learner populations. Exploring undergraduate activity using a model of FSB may give insight into how FSB evolves and the influence of situational factors, such as nationality and site of study. Our findings seek to inform medical school processes that support feedback literacy. Using a mixed methods approach, we collected questionnaire and interview data from final-year medical students in Ireland, Bahrain, and Malaysia. A validated questionnaire investigated relationships with FSB and goal orientation, leadership style preference, and perceived costs and benefits. Interviews with the same student population explored their FSB experiences in clinical practice, qualitatively, enriching this data. The data were integrated using the ‘following the thread’ technique. Three hundred and twenty-five of a total of 514 completed questionnaires and 57 interviews were analysed. Learning goal orientation (LGO), instrumental leadership and supportive leadership related positively to perceived feedback benefits (0.23, 0.2, and 0.31, respectively, p < 0.05). Perceived feedback benefits are related positively to feedback monitoring and inquiry (0.13 and 0.38, respectively, p < 0.05). The personal cost of feedback is unsupported in quantitative data, but was a strong theme in interviews, as was feedback avoidance, peer feedback, and unsupportive learning environment. No differences were observed across sub-groups based on gender, study site, or student nationality. Integrated analysis describes FSB: avoiding ‘unsafe’ feedback (first, do no harm) and overcoming barriers (beat the system) and goal-centred curation (shop around) to optimise benefits. Diverse medical students across three continents undertake FSB with careful navigation, as a valued but risky business, that is highly contextualised. Promoting a constructive FSB is complex. Overcoming outdated theory and practices on the wards remains a challenge to psychologically safe, learner-centred feedback.
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spelling doaj-art-ffd32c112ab5402d8b0f0336e7ffd9112025-08-20T02:49:06ZengTaylor & Francis GroupMedical Education Online1087-29812024-12-0129110.1080/10872981.2024.2330259Risky business: medical students’ feedback-seeking behaviours: a mixed methods studyMuirne Spooner0Ciarán Reinhardt1Fiona Boland2Samuel McConkey3Teresa Pawlikowska4Health Professions Education Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, IrelandDepartment of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, IrelandData Science Centre, School of Population Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, IrelandDepartment of International Health and Tropical Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, IrelandHealth Professions Education Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, IrelandThere are differing views on how learners’ feedback-seeking behaviours (FSB) develop during training. With globalisation has come medical student migration and programme internationalisation. Western-derived educational practices may prove challenging for diverse learner populations. Exploring undergraduate activity using a model of FSB may give insight into how FSB evolves and the influence of situational factors, such as nationality and site of study. Our findings seek to inform medical school processes that support feedback literacy. Using a mixed methods approach, we collected questionnaire and interview data from final-year medical students in Ireland, Bahrain, and Malaysia. A validated questionnaire investigated relationships with FSB and goal orientation, leadership style preference, and perceived costs and benefits. Interviews with the same student population explored their FSB experiences in clinical practice, qualitatively, enriching this data. The data were integrated using the ‘following the thread’ technique. Three hundred and twenty-five of a total of 514 completed questionnaires and 57 interviews were analysed. Learning goal orientation (LGO), instrumental leadership and supportive leadership related positively to perceived feedback benefits (0.23, 0.2, and 0.31, respectively, p < 0.05). Perceived feedback benefits are related positively to feedback monitoring and inquiry (0.13 and 0.38, respectively, p < 0.05). The personal cost of feedback is unsupported in quantitative data, but was a strong theme in interviews, as was feedback avoidance, peer feedback, and unsupportive learning environment. No differences were observed across sub-groups based on gender, study site, or student nationality. Integrated analysis describes FSB: avoiding ‘unsafe’ feedback (first, do no harm) and overcoming barriers (beat the system) and goal-centred curation (shop around) to optimise benefits. Diverse medical students across three continents undertake FSB with careful navigation, as a valued but risky business, that is highly contextualised. Promoting a constructive FSB is complex. Overcoming outdated theory and practices on the wards remains a challenge to psychologically safe, learner-centred feedback.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10872981.2024.2330259Feedback-seekingfeedbackmixed methodsundergraduate feedbackfeedback literacy
spellingShingle Muirne Spooner
Ciarán Reinhardt
Fiona Boland
Samuel McConkey
Teresa Pawlikowska
Risky business: medical students’ feedback-seeking behaviours: a mixed methods study
Medical Education Online
Feedback-seeking
feedback
mixed methods
undergraduate feedback
feedback literacy
title Risky business: medical students’ feedback-seeking behaviours: a mixed methods study
title_full Risky business: medical students’ feedback-seeking behaviours: a mixed methods study
title_fullStr Risky business: medical students’ feedback-seeking behaviours: a mixed methods study
title_full_unstemmed Risky business: medical students’ feedback-seeking behaviours: a mixed methods study
title_short Risky business: medical students’ feedback-seeking behaviours: a mixed methods study
title_sort risky business medical students feedback seeking behaviours a mixed methods study
topic Feedback-seeking
feedback
mixed methods
undergraduate feedback
feedback literacy
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10872981.2024.2330259
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