Field experimental study on ground treatment of high fill embankments over expansive soils

Abstract In valley regions where high-fill embankments are constructed, inadequate foundation bearing capacity is a frequently encountered challenge. At the Ankang Airport relocation site, expansive soils primarily originating from the Upper to Middle Pleistocene are widely distributed, which introd...

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Main Authors: Bin Hou, Faning Dang, Weihua Ding, Haibin Xue, Hong Zhan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14911-2
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author Bin Hou
Faning Dang
Weihua Ding
Haibin Xue
Hong Zhan
author_facet Bin Hou
Faning Dang
Weihua Ding
Haibin Xue
Hong Zhan
author_sort Bin Hou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In valley regions where high-fill embankments are constructed, inadequate foundation bearing capacity is a frequently encountered challenge. At the Ankang Airport relocation site, expansive soils primarily originating from the Upper to Middle Pleistocene are widely distributed, which introduces substantial safety concerns for the stability of high-fill embankments. Prior to large-scale filling, a field experimental site was selected within the project area to conduct in-situ tests for ground improvement. Two ground reinforcement techniques—dynamic compaction and gravel pile compaction using driven casing—were implemented and assessed. Evaluations of physical and mechanical properties, including plate load and standard penetration tests (SPT), were carried out before and after the improvement procedures. Test results showed that the natural foundation soil had a characteristic bearing capacity of 260 kPa. Among the applied techniques, dynamic compaction replacement proved most effective, enhancing the bearing capacity to 580 kPa. However, due to the complex stratigraphy and shallow bedrock in certain zones, dynamic compaction may negatively impact bedrock stability. Numerical modeling further validated that dynamic compaction replacement induced the smallest settlement deformation. Targeted solutions were proposed in response to the issues identified during testing, offering practical guidance for similar foundation treatments in high-fill embankments over expansive soils.
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spelling doaj-art-ffb45450791347ed8e2e329fdfaa99d82025-08-24T11:30:16ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-14911-2Field experimental study on ground treatment of high fill embankments over expansive soilsBin Hou0Faning Dang1Weihua Ding2Haibin Xue3Hong Zhan4Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an University of TechnologyXi’an University of TechnologyXi’an University of TechnologySCEGC Mechanized Construction Group Co., Ltd.Abstract In valley regions where high-fill embankments are constructed, inadequate foundation bearing capacity is a frequently encountered challenge. At the Ankang Airport relocation site, expansive soils primarily originating from the Upper to Middle Pleistocene are widely distributed, which introduces substantial safety concerns for the stability of high-fill embankments. Prior to large-scale filling, a field experimental site was selected within the project area to conduct in-situ tests for ground improvement. Two ground reinforcement techniques—dynamic compaction and gravel pile compaction using driven casing—were implemented and assessed. Evaluations of physical and mechanical properties, including plate load and standard penetration tests (SPT), were carried out before and after the improvement procedures. Test results showed that the natural foundation soil had a characteristic bearing capacity of 260 kPa. Among the applied techniques, dynamic compaction replacement proved most effective, enhancing the bearing capacity to 580 kPa. However, due to the complex stratigraphy and shallow bedrock in certain zones, dynamic compaction may negatively impact bedrock stability. Numerical modeling further validated that dynamic compaction replacement induced the smallest settlement deformation. Targeted solutions were proposed in response to the issues identified during testing, offering practical guidance for similar foundation treatments in high-fill embankments over expansive soils.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14911-2High fill embankmentExpansive soilDynamic compactionSand compaction pileIn-situ experimental study
spellingShingle Bin Hou
Faning Dang
Weihua Ding
Haibin Xue
Hong Zhan
Field experimental study on ground treatment of high fill embankments over expansive soils
Scientific Reports
High fill embankment
Expansive soil
Dynamic compaction
Sand compaction pile
In-situ experimental study
title Field experimental study on ground treatment of high fill embankments over expansive soils
title_full Field experimental study on ground treatment of high fill embankments over expansive soils
title_fullStr Field experimental study on ground treatment of high fill embankments over expansive soils
title_full_unstemmed Field experimental study on ground treatment of high fill embankments over expansive soils
title_short Field experimental study on ground treatment of high fill embankments over expansive soils
title_sort field experimental study on ground treatment of high fill embankments over expansive soils
topic High fill embankment
Expansive soil
Dynamic compaction
Sand compaction pile
In-situ experimental study
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14911-2
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