True fertilisation failure in captivity is rare

Species recovery through captive breeding can be hindered by low reproductive success. However, we know little about the drivers of early reproductive failure in captive populations, due to difficulties distinguishing fertilisation failure from early embryo mortality in most animals. Here, we apply...

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Main Authors: Ashleigh F. Marshall, François Balloux, Liz Brown, Edmund Flach, Anne Richardson, Tammy E. Steeves, Simon Spiro, Gary Ward, Nicola Hemmings, Patricia Brekke
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Global Ecology and Conservation
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989425002884
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author Ashleigh F. Marshall
François Balloux
Liz Brown
Edmund Flach
Anne Richardson
Tammy E. Steeves
Simon Spiro
Gary Ward
Nicola Hemmings
Patricia Brekke
author_facet Ashleigh F. Marshall
François Balloux
Liz Brown
Edmund Flach
Anne Richardson
Tammy E. Steeves
Simon Spiro
Gary Ward
Nicola Hemmings
Patricia Brekke
author_sort Ashleigh F. Marshall
collection DOAJ
description Species recovery through captive breeding can be hindered by low reproductive success. However, we know little about the drivers of early reproductive failure in captive populations, due to difficulties distinguishing fertilisation failure from early embryo mortality in most animals. Here, we apply advanced fertility diagnostics on unhatched eggs from 30 avian captive-breeding programs, to assess true rates of fertilisation failure. We find that fertilisation failure is rare across all species, and the main driver of early reproductive failure is early embryo mortality. We also find that macroscopic examination of undeveloped eggs inflates estimates of fertilisation failure rates in breeding programmes. Finally, we find no evidence that fertilisation failure rates are higher in threatened than non-threatened captive birds, providing hope that with careful management, hatching outcomes may be improved in threatened captive populations. Our results show that accurate fertility diagnosis in managed oviparous species provides crucial information on individual reproductive potential, helping the design of more appropriate management interventions to improve recovery.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2351-9894
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publishDate 2025-09-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Global Ecology and Conservation
spelling doaj-art-ffb1163d29df400e99b11bd3b26b5d562025-08-20T03:30:32ZengElsevierGlobal Ecology and Conservation2351-98942025-09-0161e0368710.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03687True fertilisation failure in captivity is rareAshleigh F. Marshall0François Balloux1Liz Brown2Edmund Flach3Anne Richardson4Tammy E. Steeves5Simon Spiro6Gary Ward7Nicola Hemmings8Patricia Brekke9Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Outer Circle, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UK; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UKDepartment of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UKNew Zealand Department of Conservation, Twizel, New ZealandZoological Society of London, Outer Circle, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UKThe Isaac Conservation and Wildlife Trust, Christchurch, New ZealandSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New ZealandZoological Society of London, Outer Circle, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UKZoological Society of London, Outer Circle, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UKSchool of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UKInstitute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Outer Circle, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UK; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Corresponding author at: Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Outer Circle, Regent’s Park, London NW1 4RY, UKSpecies recovery through captive breeding can be hindered by low reproductive success. However, we know little about the drivers of early reproductive failure in captive populations, due to difficulties distinguishing fertilisation failure from early embryo mortality in most animals. Here, we apply advanced fertility diagnostics on unhatched eggs from 30 avian captive-breeding programs, to assess true rates of fertilisation failure. We find that fertilisation failure is rare across all species, and the main driver of early reproductive failure is early embryo mortality. We also find that macroscopic examination of undeveloped eggs inflates estimates of fertilisation failure rates in breeding programmes. Finally, we find no evidence that fertilisation failure rates are higher in threatened than non-threatened captive birds, providing hope that with careful management, hatching outcomes may be improved in threatened captive populations. Our results show that accurate fertility diagnosis in managed oviparous species provides crucial information on individual reproductive potential, helping the design of more appropriate management interventions to improve recovery.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989425002884BirdsCaptive-breedingEmbryo mortalityEndangered speciesFertilityHatching success
spellingShingle Ashleigh F. Marshall
François Balloux
Liz Brown
Edmund Flach
Anne Richardson
Tammy E. Steeves
Simon Spiro
Gary Ward
Nicola Hemmings
Patricia Brekke
True fertilisation failure in captivity is rare
Global Ecology and Conservation
Birds
Captive-breeding
Embryo mortality
Endangered species
Fertility
Hatching success
title True fertilisation failure in captivity is rare
title_full True fertilisation failure in captivity is rare
title_fullStr True fertilisation failure in captivity is rare
title_full_unstemmed True fertilisation failure in captivity is rare
title_short True fertilisation failure in captivity is rare
title_sort true fertilisation failure in captivity is rare
topic Birds
Captive-breeding
Embryo mortality
Endangered species
Fertility
Hatching success
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989425002884
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