Distributed Trajectory Optimization for Connected and Automated Vehicle Platoons Considering Safe Inter-Vehicle Following Gaps

Existing studies on platoon trajectory optimization of connected and automated vehicles face challenges in balancing computational efficiency, privacy, and safety. This study proposes a distributed optimization method that decomposes the platoon trajectory planning problem into independent individua...

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Main Authors: Meiqi Liu, Ying Gao, Yikai Zeng, Ruochen Hao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Systems
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/483
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author Meiqi Liu
Ying Gao
Yikai Zeng
Ruochen Hao
author_facet Meiqi Liu
Ying Gao
Yikai Zeng
Ruochen Hao
author_sort Meiqi Liu
collection DOAJ
description Existing studies on platoon trajectory optimization of connected and automated vehicles face challenges in balancing computational efficiency, privacy, and safety. This study proposes a distributed optimization method that decomposes the platoon trajectory planning problem into independent individual vehicle tasks while ensuring safe inter-vehicle following gaps and maximizing travel efficiencyand ride comfort. The individual vehicle problems independently optimize their trajectory to improve computational efficiency, and only exchange dual variables related to safe following gaps to preserve privacy. Simulation experiments were conducted under single-platoon scenarios with different simulation horizons, as well as multi-platoon and platoon-merging scenarios, to analyze the control performance of the distributed method in contrast to the centralized method. Simulation results demonstrate that the mean computation time is reduced by 50% and the fuel consumption is decreased by 4% compared to the centralized method while effectively maintaining the safe inter-vehicle following gaps. The distributed method shows its scalability and adaptability for large-scale problems.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2079-8954
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Systems
spelling doaj-art-ffa9d774bd8b4ae1a27d1cbc149d3e1f2025-08-20T03:26:52ZengMDPI AGSystems2079-89542025-06-0113648310.3390/systems13060483Distributed Trajectory Optimization for Connected and Automated Vehicle Platoons Considering Safe Inter-Vehicle Following GapsMeiqi Liu0Ying Gao1Yikai Zeng2Ruochen Hao3School of Maritime Economics and Management, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaSchool of Maritime Economics and Management, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, ChinaChair of Traffic Process Automation, “Friedrich List” Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, GermanyThe Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaExisting studies on platoon trajectory optimization of connected and automated vehicles face challenges in balancing computational efficiency, privacy, and safety. This study proposes a distributed optimization method that decomposes the platoon trajectory planning problem into independent individual vehicle tasks while ensuring safe inter-vehicle following gaps and maximizing travel efficiencyand ride comfort. The individual vehicle problems independently optimize their trajectory to improve computational efficiency, and only exchange dual variables related to safe following gaps to preserve privacy. Simulation experiments were conducted under single-platoon scenarios with different simulation horizons, as well as multi-platoon and platoon-merging scenarios, to analyze the control performance of the distributed method in contrast to the centralized method. Simulation results demonstrate that the mean computation time is reduced by 50% and the fuel consumption is decreased by 4% compared to the centralized method while effectively maintaining the safe inter-vehicle following gaps. The distributed method shows its scalability and adaptability for large-scale problems.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/483connected and automated vehiclestrajectory planningdistributed optimizationintelligent transportation systems
spellingShingle Meiqi Liu
Ying Gao
Yikai Zeng
Ruochen Hao
Distributed Trajectory Optimization for Connected and Automated Vehicle Platoons Considering Safe Inter-Vehicle Following Gaps
Systems
connected and automated vehicles
trajectory planning
distributed optimization
intelligent transportation systems
title Distributed Trajectory Optimization for Connected and Automated Vehicle Platoons Considering Safe Inter-Vehicle Following Gaps
title_full Distributed Trajectory Optimization for Connected and Automated Vehicle Platoons Considering Safe Inter-Vehicle Following Gaps
title_fullStr Distributed Trajectory Optimization for Connected and Automated Vehicle Platoons Considering Safe Inter-Vehicle Following Gaps
title_full_unstemmed Distributed Trajectory Optimization for Connected and Automated Vehicle Platoons Considering Safe Inter-Vehicle Following Gaps
title_short Distributed Trajectory Optimization for Connected and Automated Vehicle Platoons Considering Safe Inter-Vehicle Following Gaps
title_sort distributed trajectory optimization for connected and automated vehicle platoons considering safe inter vehicle following gaps
topic connected and automated vehicles
trajectory planning
distributed optimization
intelligent transportation systems
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/483
work_keys_str_mv AT meiqiliu distributedtrajectoryoptimizationforconnectedandautomatedvehicleplatoonsconsideringsafeintervehiclefollowinggaps
AT yinggao distributedtrajectoryoptimizationforconnectedandautomatedvehicleplatoonsconsideringsafeintervehiclefollowinggaps
AT yikaizeng distributedtrajectoryoptimizationforconnectedandautomatedvehicleplatoonsconsideringsafeintervehiclefollowinggaps
AT ruochenhao distributedtrajectoryoptimizationforconnectedandautomatedvehicleplatoonsconsideringsafeintervehiclefollowinggaps