Determination of Direct and Indirect Costs Incurred by Tuberculosis Patients During Diagnosis and Treatment in Urban Areas of South Gujarat: A Mixed Method Approach
Though many initiatives and monetary benefits are incorporated under RNTCP/NTEP, many patients might incur some out-of-pocket expenditure (OOP) related to diagnosis, treatment, and hospitalization. Such costs lead to further poverty and default. This study estimated OOP costs. A cross-sectional mixe...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Indian Journal of Community Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_711_22 |
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| author | Rutu Buch Rahul Damor J. K. Kosambiya |
| author_facet | Rutu Buch Rahul Damor J. K. Kosambiya |
| author_sort | Rutu Buch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Though many initiatives and monetary benefits are incorporated under RNTCP/NTEP, many patients might incur some out-of-pocket expenditure (OOP) related to diagnosis, treatment, and hospitalization. Such costs lead to further poverty and default. This study estimated OOP costs. A cross-sectional mixed method study was conducted in 2020. Data were collected from two selected UHCs (both public and private sectors) from all eight administrative zones. A total of 278 newly registered drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients at different stages of treatment were enrolled, and 18 IDIs were done after obtaining the consent. Among 278, 231 (83%) were seeking the treatment from the public sector and 47 (17%) from the private sector. The average direct, indirect, and total costs were Rs. 8812, Rs. 4825, and Rs. 13,637, respectively. Extra food and supplements are the major field of expenditure for those enrolled in the public sector. Higher costs were incurred by the private sector patients. Longer distances, a long waiting time, belief systems, and unavailability of facilities or drugs were the common reasons for not visiting the public sector. IDI results also supported the cost heads. The majority of the expenses occurred at the private settings before diagnosis. IDIs suggested to changes in the programmatic approach toward migrants, industrial workers, and women. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ffa6cd17f4814237acfe33a6db865c6b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0970-0218 1998-3581 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indian Journal of Community Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-ffa6cd17f4814237acfe33a6db865c6b2025-08-20T02:18:03ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Community Medicine0970-02181998-35812024-10-0149687387810.4103/ijcm.ijcm_711_22Determination of Direct and Indirect Costs Incurred by Tuberculosis Patients During Diagnosis and Treatment in Urban Areas of South Gujarat: A Mixed Method ApproachRutu BuchRahul DamorJ. K. KosambiyaThough many initiatives and monetary benefits are incorporated under RNTCP/NTEP, many patients might incur some out-of-pocket expenditure (OOP) related to diagnosis, treatment, and hospitalization. Such costs lead to further poverty and default. This study estimated OOP costs. A cross-sectional mixed method study was conducted in 2020. Data were collected from two selected UHCs (both public and private sectors) from all eight administrative zones. A total of 278 newly registered drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients at different stages of treatment were enrolled, and 18 IDIs were done after obtaining the consent. Among 278, 231 (83%) were seeking the treatment from the public sector and 47 (17%) from the private sector. The average direct, indirect, and total costs were Rs. 8812, Rs. 4825, and Rs. 13,637, respectively. Extra food and supplements are the major field of expenditure for those enrolled in the public sector. Higher costs were incurred by the private sector patients. Longer distances, a long waiting time, belief systems, and unavailability of facilities or drugs were the common reasons for not visiting the public sector. IDI results also supported the cost heads. The majority of the expenses occurred at the private settings before diagnosis. IDIs suggested to changes in the programmatic approach toward migrants, industrial workers, and women.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_711_22mixed methodout-of-pocket costtuberculosis |
| spellingShingle | Rutu Buch Rahul Damor J. K. Kosambiya Determination of Direct and Indirect Costs Incurred by Tuberculosis Patients During Diagnosis and Treatment in Urban Areas of South Gujarat: A Mixed Method Approach Indian Journal of Community Medicine mixed method out-of-pocket cost tuberculosis |
| title | Determination of Direct and Indirect Costs Incurred by Tuberculosis Patients During Diagnosis and Treatment in Urban Areas of South Gujarat: A Mixed Method Approach |
| title_full | Determination of Direct and Indirect Costs Incurred by Tuberculosis Patients During Diagnosis and Treatment in Urban Areas of South Gujarat: A Mixed Method Approach |
| title_fullStr | Determination of Direct and Indirect Costs Incurred by Tuberculosis Patients During Diagnosis and Treatment in Urban Areas of South Gujarat: A Mixed Method Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of Direct and Indirect Costs Incurred by Tuberculosis Patients During Diagnosis and Treatment in Urban Areas of South Gujarat: A Mixed Method Approach |
| title_short | Determination of Direct and Indirect Costs Incurred by Tuberculosis Patients During Diagnosis and Treatment in Urban Areas of South Gujarat: A Mixed Method Approach |
| title_sort | determination of direct and indirect costs incurred by tuberculosis patients during diagnosis and treatment in urban areas of south gujarat a mixed method approach |
| topic | mixed method out-of-pocket cost tuberculosis |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_711_22 |
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