Photo-induced hydrous organic aggregates for photoactivatable luminescence

Abstract Harnessing light to regulate molecular aggregation behavior has become an essential approach to confer useful properties for functional materials at the aggregate level. Current examples of photo-induced aggregation predominantly occur in solution, but the solvent—ubiquitous as it is—is oft...

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Main Authors: Zeyang Ding, Rufan Mo, Zonghang Liu, Ying Peng, Yixuan Chen, Xiao Li, Fulong Ma, Guoqing Zhang, Zheng Zhao, Parvej Alam, Bo Wu, Zijie Qiu, Ben Zhong Tang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60766-6
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author Zeyang Ding
Rufan Mo
Zonghang Liu
Ying Peng
Yixuan Chen
Xiao Li
Fulong Ma
Guoqing Zhang
Zheng Zhao
Parvej Alam
Bo Wu
Zijie Qiu
Ben Zhong Tang
author_facet Zeyang Ding
Rufan Mo
Zonghang Liu
Ying Peng
Yixuan Chen
Xiao Li
Fulong Ma
Guoqing Zhang
Zheng Zhao
Parvej Alam
Bo Wu
Zijie Qiu
Ben Zhong Tang
author_sort Zeyang Ding
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Harnessing light to regulate molecular aggregation behavior has become an essential approach to confer useful properties for functional materials at the aggregate level. Current examples of photo-induced aggregation predominantly occur in solution, but the solvent—ubiquitous as it is—is often overlooked as a potential participant in the aggregation process. In this study, photo-induced hydrous organic aggregates (HOA) are reported based on a hydrophobic nitroaromatic compound (NPAC). NPAC is non-emissive in both the molecule and anhydrous organic aggregate (AOA) states. In the presence of water and upon photo-irradiation, excited state NPAC co-assemblies with water via strong electron donor-acceptor interactions to form HOA, exhibiting intense luminescence (quantum yield = 58.88%) with characteristic dual-emission features. Experimental and theoretical data reveal that the bond angle in the nitro group is the key factor for modulating the excited behaviors of NPAC, with dual emissions originating from the locally excited (LE) state and the charge transfer (CT) state during the excited-state protonation process. Additionally, the high-contrast photoactivation process can be successfully applied in bioimaging and photodynamic therapy. This work offers valuable insights into modulating molecular aggregation based on the excited states of molecules, facilitating the advancement of photoactivatable luminescent materials.
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spelling doaj-art-ff9be8fb9df145a1b4087afef2c2503f2025-08-20T03:03:25ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111310.1038/s41467-025-60766-6Photo-induced hydrous organic aggregates for photoactivatable luminescenceZeyang Ding0Rufan Mo1Zonghang Liu2Ying Peng3Yixuan Chen4Xiao Li5Fulong Ma6Guoqing Zhang7Zheng Zhao8Parvej Alam9Bo Wu10Zijie Qiu11Ben Zhong Tang12School of Science and Engineering, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Aggregate Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen)School of Science and Engineering, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Aggregate Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen)School of Science and Engineering, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Aggregate Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen)School of Science and Engineering, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Aggregate Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen)School of Science and Engineering, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Aggregate Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen)School of Science and Engineering, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Aggregate Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen)Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaSchool of Science and Engineering, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Aggregate Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen)Clinical Translational Research Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen)School of Science and Engineering, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Aggregate Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen)School of Science and Engineering, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Aggregate Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen)School of Science and Engineering, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Aggregate Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen)Abstract Harnessing light to regulate molecular aggregation behavior has become an essential approach to confer useful properties for functional materials at the aggregate level. Current examples of photo-induced aggregation predominantly occur in solution, but the solvent—ubiquitous as it is—is often overlooked as a potential participant in the aggregation process. In this study, photo-induced hydrous organic aggregates (HOA) are reported based on a hydrophobic nitroaromatic compound (NPAC). NPAC is non-emissive in both the molecule and anhydrous organic aggregate (AOA) states. In the presence of water and upon photo-irradiation, excited state NPAC co-assemblies with water via strong electron donor-acceptor interactions to form HOA, exhibiting intense luminescence (quantum yield = 58.88%) with characteristic dual-emission features. Experimental and theoretical data reveal that the bond angle in the nitro group is the key factor for modulating the excited behaviors of NPAC, with dual emissions originating from the locally excited (LE) state and the charge transfer (CT) state during the excited-state protonation process. Additionally, the high-contrast photoactivation process can be successfully applied in bioimaging and photodynamic therapy. This work offers valuable insights into modulating molecular aggregation based on the excited states of molecules, facilitating the advancement of photoactivatable luminescent materials.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60766-6
spellingShingle Zeyang Ding
Rufan Mo
Zonghang Liu
Ying Peng
Yixuan Chen
Xiao Li
Fulong Ma
Guoqing Zhang
Zheng Zhao
Parvej Alam
Bo Wu
Zijie Qiu
Ben Zhong Tang
Photo-induced hydrous organic aggregates for photoactivatable luminescence
Nature Communications
title Photo-induced hydrous organic aggregates for photoactivatable luminescence
title_full Photo-induced hydrous organic aggregates for photoactivatable luminescence
title_fullStr Photo-induced hydrous organic aggregates for photoactivatable luminescence
title_full_unstemmed Photo-induced hydrous organic aggregates for photoactivatable luminescence
title_short Photo-induced hydrous organic aggregates for photoactivatable luminescence
title_sort photo induced hydrous organic aggregates for photoactivatable luminescence
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60766-6
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