Functional Nanomaterials for Advanced Bioelectrode Interfaces: Recent Advances in Disease Detection and Metabolic Monitoring

As critical interfaces bridging biological systems and electronic devices, the performance of bioelectrodes directly determines the sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability of biosensors. Recent advancements in functional nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanoparticles, 2D materia...

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Main Authors: Junlong Ma, Siyi Yang, Zhihao Yang, Ziliang He, Zhanhong Du
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4412
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author Junlong Ma
Siyi Yang
Zhihao Yang
Ziliang He
Zhanhong Du
author_facet Junlong Ma
Siyi Yang
Zhihao Yang
Ziliang He
Zhanhong Du
author_sort Junlong Ma
collection DOAJ
description As critical interfaces bridging biological systems and electronic devices, the performance of bioelectrodes directly determines the sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability of biosensors. Recent advancements in functional nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanoparticles, 2D materials) have substantially enhanced the application potential of bioelectrodes in disease detection, metabolic monitoring, and early diagnosis through strategic material selection, structural engineering, interface modification, and antifouling treatment. This review systematically examines the latest progress in nanomaterial-enabled interface design of bioelectrodes, with particular emphasis on performance enhancements in electrophysiological/electrochemical signal acquisition and multimodal sensing technologies. We comprehensively analyze cutting-edge developments in dynamic metabolic parameter monitoring for chronic disease management, as well as emerging research on flexible, high-sensitivity electrode interfaces for early disease diagnosis. Furthermore, this work focused on persistent technical challenges regarding nanomaterial biocompatibility and long-term operational stability while providing forward-looking perspectives on their translational applications in wearable medical devices and personalized health management systems. The proposed framework offers actionable guidance for researchers in this interdisciplinary field.
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spelling doaj-art-ff97caed73d2472692ef628aa00cf98c2025-08-20T03:08:02ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012514441210.3390/s25144412Functional Nanomaterials for Advanced Bioelectrode Interfaces: Recent Advances in Disease Detection and Metabolic MonitoringJunlong Ma0Siyi Yang1Zhihao Yang2Ziliang He3Zhanhong Du4The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaThe Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaThe Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaThe Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaThe Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaAs critical interfaces bridging biological systems and electronic devices, the performance of bioelectrodes directly determines the sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability of biosensors. Recent advancements in functional nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanoparticles, 2D materials) have substantially enhanced the application potential of bioelectrodes in disease detection, metabolic monitoring, and early diagnosis through strategic material selection, structural engineering, interface modification, and antifouling treatment. This review systematically examines the latest progress in nanomaterial-enabled interface design of bioelectrodes, with particular emphasis on performance enhancements in electrophysiological/electrochemical signal acquisition and multimodal sensing technologies. We comprehensively analyze cutting-edge developments in dynamic metabolic parameter monitoring for chronic disease management, as well as emerging research on flexible, high-sensitivity electrode interfaces for early disease diagnosis. Furthermore, this work focused on persistent technical challenges regarding nanomaterial biocompatibility and long-term operational stability while providing forward-looking perspectives on their translational applications in wearable medical devices and personalized health management systems. The proposed framework offers actionable guidance for researchers in this interdisciplinary field.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4412nanomaterialsbioelectrodeselectrophysiologyelectrochemistrymultimodalitydiagnostics
spellingShingle Junlong Ma
Siyi Yang
Zhihao Yang
Ziliang He
Zhanhong Du
Functional Nanomaterials for Advanced Bioelectrode Interfaces: Recent Advances in Disease Detection and Metabolic Monitoring
Sensors
nanomaterials
bioelectrodes
electrophysiology
electrochemistry
multimodality
diagnostics
title Functional Nanomaterials for Advanced Bioelectrode Interfaces: Recent Advances in Disease Detection and Metabolic Monitoring
title_full Functional Nanomaterials for Advanced Bioelectrode Interfaces: Recent Advances in Disease Detection and Metabolic Monitoring
title_fullStr Functional Nanomaterials for Advanced Bioelectrode Interfaces: Recent Advances in Disease Detection and Metabolic Monitoring
title_full_unstemmed Functional Nanomaterials for Advanced Bioelectrode Interfaces: Recent Advances in Disease Detection and Metabolic Monitoring
title_short Functional Nanomaterials for Advanced Bioelectrode Interfaces: Recent Advances in Disease Detection and Metabolic Monitoring
title_sort functional nanomaterials for advanced bioelectrode interfaces recent advances in disease detection and metabolic monitoring
topic nanomaterials
bioelectrodes
electrophysiology
electrochemistry
multimodality
diagnostics
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4412
work_keys_str_mv AT junlongma functionalnanomaterialsforadvancedbioelectrodeinterfacesrecentadvancesindiseasedetectionandmetabolicmonitoring
AT siyiyang functionalnanomaterialsforadvancedbioelectrodeinterfacesrecentadvancesindiseasedetectionandmetabolicmonitoring
AT zhihaoyang functionalnanomaterialsforadvancedbioelectrodeinterfacesrecentadvancesindiseasedetectionandmetabolicmonitoring
AT zilianghe functionalnanomaterialsforadvancedbioelectrodeinterfacesrecentadvancesindiseasedetectionandmetabolicmonitoring
AT zhanhongdu functionalnanomaterialsforadvancedbioelectrodeinterfacesrecentadvancesindiseasedetectionandmetabolicmonitoring