Physiological factors influencing climate-smart agriculture: Daylength-mediated interaction between tillering and flowering in rice
Abstract Background Controlling rice tillering and flowering is essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields, a key objective in climate-smart agriculture. However, the interaction between tillering and flowering remains controversial and poorly understood. In this study, we sub...
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BMC
2025-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06430-z |
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| author | Hyeon-Seok Lee Ju-Hee Kim So-Hye Jo Seo-Yeong Yang Jae-Kyeong Baek Yeong-Seo Song Jung-Il Cho Jiyoung Shon |
| author_facet | Hyeon-Seok Lee Ju-Hee Kim So-Hye Jo Seo-Yeong Yang Jae-Kyeong Baek Yeong-Seo Song Jung-Il Cho Jiyoung Shon |
| author_sort | Hyeon-Seok Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Controlling rice tillering and flowering is essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields, a key objective in climate-smart agriculture. However, the interaction between tillering and flowering remains controversial and poorly understood. In this study, we subjected plants of the rice cultivars ‘Saenuri’ and ‘Odae’ to short- and long-day conditions and compared their growth and flowering responses after tiller removal. Results The effects of tiller removal differed depending on daylength conditions. Under short days, plants in the tiller-removal group flowered earlier than the controls, whereas the opposite trend was observed under long days. This response was associated with changes in florigen gene expression. Under short days, the expression of Hd3a, which promotes flowering, increased in the tiller-removal group compared with that in the controls. In contrast, under long days, the expression of OsMFT1, a gene that delays flowering and promotes spikelet formation, was significantly upregulated, leading to an increased spikelet number. Notably, spikelets per panicle in the tiller-removal groups increased approximately 3.4-fold in ‘Saenuri’ and 2.2-fold in ‘Odae’ under long-day conditions compared with those in their respective controls. Conclusions These findings highlight the daylength-dependent variability in tillering and flowering interactions, providing new insights into their regulatory mechanisms. This study offers a foundation for optimizing rice growth strategies under varying photoperiod conditions, contributing to climate-smart agricultural practices and improved breeding programs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ff95b7d11a7d454ab6ca7ff3ad1b06dd |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-ff95b7d11a7d454ab6ca7ff3ad1b06dd2025-08-20T03:07:40ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-03-0125111310.1186/s12870-025-06430-zPhysiological factors influencing climate-smart agriculture: Daylength-mediated interaction between tillering and flowering in riceHyeon-Seok Lee0Ju-Hee Kim1So-Hye Jo2Seo-Yeong Yang3Jae-Kyeong Baek4Yeong-Seo Song5Jung-Il Cho6Jiyoung Shon7Crop Production & Physiology Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development AdministrationCrop Production & Physiology Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development AdministrationCrop Production & Physiology Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development AdministrationCrop Production & Physiology Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development AdministrationCrop Production & Physiology Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development AdministrationCrop Production & Physiology Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development AdministrationCrop Production & Physiology Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development AdministrationCrop Production & Physiology Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development AdministrationAbstract Background Controlling rice tillering and flowering is essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields, a key objective in climate-smart agriculture. However, the interaction between tillering and flowering remains controversial and poorly understood. In this study, we subjected plants of the rice cultivars ‘Saenuri’ and ‘Odae’ to short- and long-day conditions and compared their growth and flowering responses after tiller removal. Results The effects of tiller removal differed depending on daylength conditions. Under short days, plants in the tiller-removal group flowered earlier than the controls, whereas the opposite trend was observed under long days. This response was associated with changes in florigen gene expression. Under short days, the expression of Hd3a, which promotes flowering, increased in the tiller-removal group compared with that in the controls. In contrast, under long days, the expression of OsMFT1, a gene that delays flowering and promotes spikelet formation, was significantly upregulated, leading to an increased spikelet number. Notably, spikelets per panicle in the tiller-removal groups increased approximately 3.4-fold in ‘Saenuri’ and 2.2-fold in ‘Odae’ under long-day conditions compared with those in their respective controls. Conclusions These findings highlight the daylength-dependent variability in tillering and flowering interactions, providing new insights into their regulatory mechanisms. This study offers a foundation for optimizing rice growth strategies under varying photoperiod conditions, contributing to climate-smart agricultural practices and improved breeding programs.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06430-zClimate-smart agricultureRiceTilleringFloweringInteraction |
| spellingShingle | Hyeon-Seok Lee Ju-Hee Kim So-Hye Jo Seo-Yeong Yang Jae-Kyeong Baek Yeong-Seo Song Jung-Il Cho Jiyoung Shon Physiological factors influencing climate-smart agriculture: Daylength-mediated interaction between tillering and flowering in rice BMC Plant Biology Climate-smart agriculture Rice Tillering Flowering Interaction |
| title | Physiological factors influencing climate-smart agriculture: Daylength-mediated interaction between tillering and flowering in rice |
| title_full | Physiological factors influencing climate-smart agriculture: Daylength-mediated interaction between tillering and flowering in rice |
| title_fullStr | Physiological factors influencing climate-smart agriculture: Daylength-mediated interaction between tillering and flowering in rice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiological factors influencing climate-smart agriculture: Daylength-mediated interaction between tillering and flowering in rice |
| title_short | Physiological factors influencing climate-smart agriculture: Daylength-mediated interaction between tillering and flowering in rice |
| title_sort | physiological factors influencing climate smart agriculture daylength mediated interaction between tillering and flowering in rice |
| topic | Climate-smart agriculture Rice Tillering Flowering Interaction |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06430-z |
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