Solar-powered selective mineral extraction via interfacial photothermal evaporation for sustainable lithium supply

Abstract With the global transition towards low-carbon and electrified energy systems, lithium-ion batteries have played a crucial role, leading to an increasing demand for lithium resources. Compared to conventional lithium ore sources, seawater and continental brines contain significantly larger l...

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Main Authors: Weier Xiang, Zhen Yu, Changying Zhao, Zhenyuan Xu, Yaoxin Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-06-01
Series:Carbon Neutrality
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s43979-025-00131-0
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author Weier Xiang
Zhen Yu
Changying Zhao
Zhenyuan Xu
Yaoxin Zhang
author_facet Weier Xiang
Zhen Yu
Changying Zhao
Zhenyuan Xu
Yaoxin Zhang
author_sort Weier Xiang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract With the global transition towards low-carbon and electrified energy systems, lithium-ion batteries have played a crucial role, leading to an increasing demand for lithium resources. Compared to conventional lithium ore sources, seawater and continental brines contain significantly larger lithium reserves but require clean and cost-effective extraction methods. In this context, solar evaporation has recently emerged as a promising approach to enhance lithium extraction, attracting growing research interest. This review first examines the historical development of solar evaporation techniques. Subsequently, based on the distinct characteristics of various ions in brine, we discussed separation and extraction strategies facilitated by solar evaporation, particularly focusing on the spatial separation crystallization of monovalent ions, membrane separation for divalent ions, and selective adsorption techniques. For each method, we provided a comprehensive analysis of the working principles, recent advancements, evaluation metrics, and existing challenges. Furthermore, a summary and analysis of the differences between these methods in pre-treatment and post-treatment processes were also included. Finally, we offer perspectives on the future development of solar evaporation-assisted lithium extraction, aiming to achieve cleaner and more efficient lithium recovery technologies.
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institution OA Journals
issn 2788-8614
2731-3948
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Springer
record_format Article
series Carbon Neutrality
spelling doaj-art-ff8fb8b04cfc421cbddc033e29a6f2422025-08-20T02:05:39ZengSpringerCarbon Neutrality2788-86142731-39482025-06-014111810.1007/s43979-025-00131-0Solar-powered selective mineral extraction via interfacial photothermal evaporation for sustainable lithium supplyWeier Xiang0Zhen Yu1Changying Zhao2Zhenyuan Xu3Yaoxin Zhang4China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong KongChina-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityEngineering Research Center of Solar Power and Refrigeration (MOE), Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityAbstract With the global transition towards low-carbon and electrified energy systems, lithium-ion batteries have played a crucial role, leading to an increasing demand for lithium resources. Compared to conventional lithium ore sources, seawater and continental brines contain significantly larger lithium reserves but require clean and cost-effective extraction methods. In this context, solar evaporation has recently emerged as a promising approach to enhance lithium extraction, attracting growing research interest. This review first examines the historical development of solar evaporation techniques. Subsequently, based on the distinct characteristics of various ions in brine, we discussed separation and extraction strategies facilitated by solar evaporation, particularly focusing on the spatial separation crystallization of monovalent ions, membrane separation for divalent ions, and selective adsorption techniques. For each method, we provided a comprehensive analysis of the working principles, recent advancements, evaluation metrics, and existing challenges. Furthermore, a summary and analysis of the differences between these methods in pre-treatment and post-treatment processes were also included. Finally, we offer perspectives on the future development of solar evaporation-assisted lithium extraction, aiming to achieve cleaner and more efficient lithium recovery technologies.https://doi.org/10.1007/s43979-025-00131-0Lithium extractionSolar conversionInterfacial evaporationSelective separationDesalination
spellingShingle Weier Xiang
Zhen Yu
Changying Zhao
Zhenyuan Xu
Yaoxin Zhang
Solar-powered selective mineral extraction via interfacial photothermal evaporation for sustainable lithium supply
Carbon Neutrality
Lithium extraction
Solar conversion
Interfacial evaporation
Selective separation
Desalination
title Solar-powered selective mineral extraction via interfacial photothermal evaporation for sustainable lithium supply
title_full Solar-powered selective mineral extraction via interfacial photothermal evaporation for sustainable lithium supply
title_fullStr Solar-powered selective mineral extraction via interfacial photothermal evaporation for sustainable lithium supply
title_full_unstemmed Solar-powered selective mineral extraction via interfacial photothermal evaporation for sustainable lithium supply
title_short Solar-powered selective mineral extraction via interfacial photothermal evaporation for sustainable lithium supply
title_sort solar powered selective mineral extraction via interfacial photothermal evaporation for sustainable lithium supply
topic Lithium extraction
Solar conversion
Interfacial evaporation
Selective separation
Desalination
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s43979-025-00131-0
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AT changyingzhao solarpoweredselectivemineralextractionviainterfacialphotothermalevaporationforsustainablelithiumsupply
AT zhenyuanxu solarpoweredselectivemineralextractionviainterfacialphotothermalevaporationforsustainablelithiumsupply
AT yaoxinzhang solarpoweredselectivemineralextractionviainterfacialphotothermalevaporationforsustainablelithiumsupply