Assessment of non-syndromic orofacial cleft severity and associated environmental factors in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between different environmental risk factors and the severity of cleft lip with/without palate (CL ± P) and cleft palate (CP) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional national study, of government hospitals in 10 cities distributed across major reg...

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Main Authors: Sultan Musaad Alghamdi, Aziza Johar Aljohar, Rana Abdullah Alamoudi, Najla Sulaiman Alrejaye, Fatma Dawood Abdulhameed, Reema Mahdi Alhussain, Latifa Yousef AlGudaibi, Heba Jafar Sabbagh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2024-03-01
Series:Saudi Dental Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905223002730
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author Sultan Musaad Alghamdi
Aziza Johar Aljohar
Rana Abdullah Alamoudi
Najla Sulaiman Alrejaye
Fatma Dawood Abdulhameed
Reema Mahdi Alhussain
Latifa Yousef AlGudaibi
Heba Jafar Sabbagh
author_facet Sultan Musaad Alghamdi
Aziza Johar Aljohar
Rana Abdullah Alamoudi
Najla Sulaiman Alrejaye
Fatma Dawood Abdulhameed
Reema Mahdi Alhussain
Latifa Yousef AlGudaibi
Heba Jafar Sabbagh
author_sort Sultan Musaad Alghamdi
collection DOAJ
description Objective: To evaluate the relationship between different environmental risk factors and the severity of cleft lip with/without palate (CL ± P) and cleft palate (CP) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional national study, of government hospitals in 10 cities distributed across major regions of Saudi Arabia, from June 2020 to June 2021. All newborns with CL ± P or CP were clinically examined and evaluated for cleft phenotype severity using the LAHSHAL classification system. Various environmental factors were evaluated by interviewing parents using a validated questionnaire. The severity of CL ± P and CP was evaluated in relation to environmental factors. Results: We recruited 174 patients with non-syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOFC); 122 (70.1 %) had CL ± P and 52 (29.9 %) had CP. After adjusting the odds ratios by ordinal regression for CL ± P and logistic regression analysis for CP, environmental factors that significantly increased the severity of CL ± P were family history of NSOFC, maternal illnesses, and maternal medication use (P = 0.02, adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:2.70; P = 0.002, AOR:3.70; and P = 0.03, AOR:2.14, respectively). Folic acid supplementation in the first trimester significantly reduced the severity of CL ± P and CP (P = 0.001, AOR:0.18 and P = 0.001, AOR:0.012, respectively). Conclusion: The severity of CL ± P was affected by some maternal exposures during the 3-month pre-gestation period. Therefore, our results suggest the possibility of controlling the severity of NSOFC.
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spelling doaj-art-ff8ef97a1c594fe693aa9a0ab6ad91b42025-08-20T03:06:13ZengSpringerSaudi Dental Journal1013-90522024-03-0136348048510.1016/j.sdentj.2023.12.009Assessment of non-syndromic orofacial cleft severity and associated environmental factors in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional studySultan Musaad Alghamdi0Aziza Johar Aljohar1Rana Abdullah Alamoudi2Najla Sulaiman Alrejaye3Fatma Dawood Abdulhameed4Reema Mahdi Alhussain5Latifa Yousef AlGudaibi6Heba Jafar Sabbagh7Pediatric Dentistry Department, Bisha Dental Centre, Ministry of Health, Bisha, Saudi ArabiaPedodontist, Department of Dentistry, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author at: Pediatric Dentistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPediatric Surgery Department, King Salman Medical City, Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Madinah, Saudi ArabiaPediatric Dentistry Department, Dammam Medical Complex, Eastern Province, Saudi ArabiaSaudi Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Program, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaObjective: To evaluate the relationship between different environmental risk factors and the severity of cleft lip with/without palate (CL ± P) and cleft palate (CP) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional national study, of government hospitals in 10 cities distributed across major regions of Saudi Arabia, from June 2020 to June 2021. All newborns with CL ± P or CP were clinically examined and evaluated for cleft phenotype severity using the LAHSHAL classification system. Various environmental factors were evaluated by interviewing parents using a validated questionnaire. The severity of CL ± P and CP was evaluated in relation to environmental factors. Results: We recruited 174 patients with non-syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOFC); 122 (70.1 %) had CL ± P and 52 (29.9 %) had CP. After adjusting the odds ratios by ordinal regression for CL ± P and logistic regression analysis for CP, environmental factors that significantly increased the severity of CL ± P were family history of NSOFC, maternal illnesses, and maternal medication use (P = 0.02, adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:2.70; P = 0.002, AOR:3.70; and P = 0.03, AOR:2.14, respectively). Folic acid supplementation in the first trimester significantly reduced the severity of CL ± P and CP (P = 0.001, AOR:0.18 and P = 0.001, AOR:0.012, respectively). Conclusion: The severity of CL ± P was affected by some maternal exposures during the 3-month pre-gestation period. Therefore, our results suggest the possibility of controlling the severity of NSOFC.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905223002730Cleft lipCleft palateOrofacial cleftSaudi ArabiaSeverity
spellingShingle Sultan Musaad Alghamdi
Aziza Johar Aljohar
Rana Abdullah Alamoudi
Najla Sulaiman Alrejaye
Fatma Dawood Abdulhameed
Reema Mahdi Alhussain
Latifa Yousef AlGudaibi
Heba Jafar Sabbagh
Assessment of non-syndromic orofacial cleft severity and associated environmental factors in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Saudi Dental Journal
Cleft lip
Cleft palate
Orofacial cleft
Saudi Arabia
Severity
title Assessment of non-syndromic orofacial cleft severity and associated environmental factors in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
title_full Assessment of non-syndromic orofacial cleft severity and associated environmental factors in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Assessment of non-syndromic orofacial cleft severity and associated environmental factors in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of non-syndromic orofacial cleft severity and associated environmental factors in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
title_short Assessment of non-syndromic orofacial cleft severity and associated environmental factors in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
title_sort assessment of non syndromic orofacial cleft severity and associated environmental factors in saudi arabia a cross sectional study
topic Cleft lip
Cleft palate
Orofacial cleft
Saudi Arabia
Severity
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905223002730
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