A glucose-responsive transdermal insulin delivery patch using PBA-based hydrogel and CAGE

A glucose-responsive transdermal insulin delivery patch using PBA-based hydrogel and CAGE

This study presents a glucose-responsive hydrogel patch for transdermal insulin delivery, integrating phenylboronic acid (PBA) chemistry and choline geranate (CAGE) ionic liquid to overcome the limitations of conventional injections. Chitosan oligosaccharide grafted with 3-fluoro-4-carboxyphenylboro...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Changzhao Jiang, Yue An, Jing Yang, Jianling Hu, Weiqing Wang, Xiumei Jiang, Jincui Ye
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Materials & Design
Subjects:
T1DM
Chitosan Oligosaccharide
Glucose-responsive System
Hydrogel
Ionic Liquids
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525005064
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Summary:This study presents a glucose-responsive hydrogel patch for transdermal insulin delivery, integrating phenylboronic acid (PBA) chemistry and choline geranate (CAGE) ionic liquid to overcome the limitations of conventional injections. Chitosan oligosaccharide grafted with 3-fluoro-4-carboxyphenylboronic acid (COS-FPBA) formed insulin-loaded microparticles (450 nm, 81.1 % ± 1.28 % encapsulation), which were then embedded in a crosslinked polyethylene glycol/chitosan (CSPVA) hydrogel. The COS-FPBA + INs/CSPVA/CAGE patch exhibited glucose-triggered release, achieving 83.8 % ± 6.9 % cumulative insulin release under high glucose (5 mg/mL) over 12 h. An optimal 4 % CAGE ([Ch][Ger]-ILs (1:2)) enhanced transdermal permeation 2.3-fold relative to controls. In diabetic rat models, the patch induced rapid hypoglycemia (within 2 h) and sustained glucose regulation for 12 h, stabilizing postprandial fluctuations (±15 %). Biocompatibility assays showed minimal hemolysis (<2.5 %), high HaCaT cell viability (>84 %), and negligible skin irritation. This platform integrates (1) PBA-driven glucose sensitivity, (2) CAGE-mediated stratum corneum disruption, and (3) Hydrogel-controlled diffusion, offering a non-invasive alternative for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Overall, its non-invasive and glucose-responsive features mimics physiological insulin secretion and enable real-time glycemic control—an advancement over static dosing. Such a pain-free, user-friendly therapy has significant potential for clinical translation.
ISSN:0264-1275

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