Feline Calicivirus: A comprehensive review

A highly mutated RNA virus known as feline Kalisi virus (FCV) is commonly found in domestic cats. However, its potential for transmission to humans is minimal. FCV has significant genetic and antigenic diversity in cat populations. Severe acute systemic FCV infection (VS-FCV) manifests itself as lin...

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Main Authors: Hardi Marif, Hana raoof, kwestan Ali, saman muhamad, Basim Ali, Rizgar Sulaiman, othman nasrullah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Iraq 2025-06-01
Series:Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research
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Online Access:https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_188644_eca3008caee52b957f0038b711acebe0.pdf
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author Hardi Marif
Hana raoof
kwestan Ali
saman muhamad
Basim Ali
Rizgar Sulaiman
othman nasrullah
author_facet Hardi Marif
Hana raoof
kwestan Ali
saman muhamad
Basim Ali
Rizgar Sulaiman
othman nasrullah
author_sort Hardi Marif
collection DOAJ
description A highly mutated RNA virus known as feline Kalisi virus (FCV) is commonly found in domestic cats. However, its potential for transmission to humans is minimal. FCV has significant genetic and antigenic diversity in cat populations. Severe acute systemic FCV infection (VS-FCV) manifests itself as lingual ulcers for upper respiratory tract diseases, gingivitis, alopecia, skin, mouth, ear problems, and claudication syndrome. Other symptoms include necrosis of the pancreas, liver, and spleen, bronchointerstitial pneumonia, and subcutaneous edema that contribute to the high mortality rate of infected cats. The diagnosis of FC virus is carried out using two techniques: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and virus isolation. The frequency of antibodies is usually high in cat populations due to vaccination and symptomatic diseases. Therefore, the presence of certain antibodies does not always indicate the presence of a prolonged infection. The mainstay of FCV treatment is supportive care, although there are no authorized antiviral drugs specifically designed for the virus. However, drugs such as misuripine and nitazoxanide have proven their antiviral effectiveness in the laboratory. The types of vaccines available include inactivated and modified vaccines. Vaccination is necessary for the prevention of FCV virus. Preventing the spread of FCV requires proper hygiene and effective disinfection, especially in versatile environments.
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spelling doaj-art-ff82bb21c1c748a1baa17dfb5eedf9b82025-08-20T03:13:07ZengCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, IraqBasrah Journal of Veterinary Research1813-84972410-84562025-06-0124214116510.23975/bjvr.2025.158296.1207188644Feline Calicivirus: A comprehensive reviewHardi Marif0Hana raoof1kwestan Ali2saman muhamad3Basim Ali4Rizgar Sulaiman5othman nasrullah6University of SulaimaniDepartment of Clinic and Internal Medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine, University of SulaimaniDepartment of Clinic and Internal Medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine, University of SulaimaniSulaimani veterinary DirectorateDepartment of Clinic and Internal Medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine, University of SulaimaniDepartment of Clinic and Internal Medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine, University of SulaimaniDepartment of Clinic and Internal Medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine, University of SulaimaniA highly mutated RNA virus known as feline Kalisi virus (FCV) is commonly found in domestic cats. However, its potential for transmission to humans is minimal. FCV has significant genetic and antigenic diversity in cat populations. Severe acute systemic FCV infection (VS-FCV) manifests itself as lingual ulcers for upper respiratory tract diseases, gingivitis, alopecia, skin, mouth, ear problems, and claudication syndrome. Other symptoms include necrosis of the pancreas, liver, and spleen, bronchointerstitial pneumonia, and subcutaneous edema that contribute to the high mortality rate of infected cats. The diagnosis of FC virus is carried out using two techniques: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and virus isolation. The frequency of antibodies is usually high in cat populations due to vaccination and symptomatic diseases. Therefore, the presence of certain antibodies does not always indicate the presence of a prolonged infection. The mainstay of FCV treatment is supportive care, although there are no authorized antiviral drugs specifically designed for the virus. However, drugs such as misuripine and nitazoxanide have proven their antiviral effectiveness in the laboratory. The types of vaccines available include inactivated and modified vaccines. Vaccination is necessary for the prevention of FCV virus. Preventing the spread of FCV requires proper hygiene and effective disinfection, especially in versatile environments.https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_188644_eca3008caee52b957f0038b711acebe0.pdfcaliciviruscatulcerationgingivostomatitis
spellingShingle Hardi Marif
Hana raoof
kwestan Ali
saman muhamad
Basim Ali
Rizgar Sulaiman
othman nasrullah
Feline Calicivirus: A comprehensive review
Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research
calicivirus
cat
ulceration
gingivostomatitis
title Feline Calicivirus: A comprehensive review
title_full Feline Calicivirus: A comprehensive review
title_fullStr Feline Calicivirus: A comprehensive review
title_full_unstemmed Feline Calicivirus: A comprehensive review
title_short Feline Calicivirus: A comprehensive review
title_sort feline calicivirus a comprehensive review
topic calicivirus
cat
ulceration
gingivostomatitis
url https://bjvr.uobasrah.edu.iq/article_188644_eca3008caee52b957f0038b711acebe0.pdf
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AT hanaraoof felinecalicivirusacomprehensivereview
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AT samanmuhamad felinecalicivirusacomprehensivereview
AT basimali felinecalicivirusacomprehensivereview
AT rizgarsulaiman felinecalicivirusacomprehensivereview
AT othmannasrullah felinecalicivirusacomprehensivereview