Phenotypic and oncological insights in ANNA1 autoimmunity: Age stratification and biomarker analysis

Abstract Objective To describe the phenotypes, oncological associations, biomarker profiles, and outcomes across different age groups in patients with ANNA1 (anti‐Hu) autoimmunity. Methods A retrospective review of patients with ANNA1‐IgG in serum/CSF between January 1, 2001, and December 31,2019 wa...

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Main Authors: Naveen Kumar Paramasivan, Majed Masoud, Carley Karsten, Anza Zahid, Haidara Kherbek, Anastasia Zekeridou, Sri Raghav Sista, Surendra Dasari, Andrew M. Knight, Georgios Mangioris, John R. Mills, Andrew McKeon, Sean J. Pittock, Divyanshu Dubey
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-02-01
Series:Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.52254
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author Naveen Kumar Paramasivan
Majed Masoud
Carley Karsten
Anza Zahid
Haidara Kherbek
Anastasia Zekeridou
Sri Raghav Sista
Surendra Dasari
Andrew M. Knight
Georgios Mangioris
John R. Mills
Andrew McKeon
Sean J. Pittock
Divyanshu Dubey
author_facet Naveen Kumar Paramasivan
Majed Masoud
Carley Karsten
Anza Zahid
Haidara Kherbek
Anastasia Zekeridou
Sri Raghav Sista
Surendra Dasari
Andrew M. Knight
Georgios Mangioris
John R. Mills
Andrew McKeon
Sean J. Pittock
Divyanshu Dubey
author_sort Naveen Kumar Paramasivan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective To describe the phenotypes, oncological associations, biomarker profiles, and outcomes across different age groups in patients with ANNA1 (anti‐Hu) autoimmunity. Methods A retrospective review of patients with ANNA1‐IgG in serum/CSF between January 1, 2001, and December 31,2019 was performed. Patients were classified into three groups based on the age of symptom onset. Phage immunoprecipitation sequencing (PhIP‐Seq) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) measurements were done in patient sera/CSF with archived samples. Results Of 122 patients, 81 (66%), 20 (16%), and 21 (17%) patients belonged to older adults, young adults, and pediatric groups, respectively. Lung cancer and neuromuscular presentations were more common in older adults (p < 0.001), while limbic encephalitis and neuroblastoma were more common in pediatric patients (p < 0.005). Most young adults (75%) did not have cancer identified. Proportions of patients with a favorable response to immunotherapy were 20%, 30%, and 52% among older adults, young adults, and pediatric groups, respectively. PhIP‐Seq demonstrated significant enrichment for ELAVL4 peptides especially for amino acids 240–289, in the majority of samples evaluated (36/67, 54%). ZIC and SOX2 peptides were significantly enriched in those with central nervous system presentations. Serum NfL levels were elevated in patients with cancer and those with poor long‐term outcomes. Interpretation Young adults with ANNA1 autoimmunity phenotypically resembled older adults but rarely had an underlying cancer. Pediatric patients frequently presented with limbic encephalitis and neuroblastoma and often responded favorably to immunotherapy. Distinct antigenic signatures may underlie differences in clinical presentations. Serum NfL levels may be a biomarker of poor long‐term outcomes in ANNA1 autoimmunity.
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spelling doaj-art-ff80f8d585bb45ac912033ef5eeb6a5a2025-08-20T03:49:12ZengWileyAnnals of Clinical and Translational Neurology2328-95032025-02-0112228029010.1002/acn3.52254Phenotypic and oncological insights in ANNA1 autoimmunity: Age stratification and biomarker analysisNaveen Kumar Paramasivan0Majed Masoud1Carley Karsten2Anza Zahid3Haidara Kherbek4Anastasia Zekeridou5Sri Raghav Sista6Surendra Dasari7Andrew M. Knight8Georgios Mangioris9John R. Mills10Andrew McKeon11Sean J. Pittock12Divyanshu Dubey13Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USADepartment of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USADepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USADepartment of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USADepartment of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USADepartment of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USADepartment of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USADepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USADepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USADepartment of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USADepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USADepartment of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USADepartment of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USADepartment of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USAAbstract Objective To describe the phenotypes, oncological associations, biomarker profiles, and outcomes across different age groups in patients with ANNA1 (anti‐Hu) autoimmunity. Methods A retrospective review of patients with ANNA1‐IgG in serum/CSF between January 1, 2001, and December 31,2019 was performed. Patients were classified into three groups based on the age of symptom onset. Phage immunoprecipitation sequencing (PhIP‐Seq) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) measurements were done in patient sera/CSF with archived samples. Results Of 122 patients, 81 (66%), 20 (16%), and 21 (17%) patients belonged to older adults, young adults, and pediatric groups, respectively. Lung cancer and neuromuscular presentations were more common in older adults (p < 0.001), while limbic encephalitis and neuroblastoma were more common in pediatric patients (p < 0.005). Most young adults (75%) did not have cancer identified. Proportions of patients with a favorable response to immunotherapy were 20%, 30%, and 52% among older adults, young adults, and pediatric groups, respectively. PhIP‐Seq demonstrated significant enrichment for ELAVL4 peptides especially for amino acids 240–289, in the majority of samples evaluated (36/67, 54%). ZIC and SOX2 peptides were significantly enriched in those with central nervous system presentations. Serum NfL levels were elevated in patients with cancer and those with poor long‐term outcomes. Interpretation Young adults with ANNA1 autoimmunity phenotypically resembled older adults but rarely had an underlying cancer. Pediatric patients frequently presented with limbic encephalitis and neuroblastoma and often responded favorably to immunotherapy. Distinct antigenic signatures may underlie differences in clinical presentations. Serum NfL levels may be a biomarker of poor long‐term outcomes in ANNA1 autoimmunity.https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.52254
spellingShingle Naveen Kumar Paramasivan
Majed Masoud
Carley Karsten
Anza Zahid
Haidara Kherbek
Anastasia Zekeridou
Sri Raghav Sista
Surendra Dasari
Andrew M. Knight
Georgios Mangioris
John R. Mills
Andrew McKeon
Sean J. Pittock
Divyanshu Dubey
Phenotypic and oncological insights in ANNA1 autoimmunity: Age stratification and biomarker analysis
Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology
title Phenotypic and oncological insights in ANNA1 autoimmunity: Age stratification and biomarker analysis
title_full Phenotypic and oncological insights in ANNA1 autoimmunity: Age stratification and biomarker analysis
title_fullStr Phenotypic and oncological insights in ANNA1 autoimmunity: Age stratification and biomarker analysis
title_full_unstemmed Phenotypic and oncological insights in ANNA1 autoimmunity: Age stratification and biomarker analysis
title_short Phenotypic and oncological insights in ANNA1 autoimmunity: Age stratification and biomarker analysis
title_sort phenotypic and oncological insights in anna1 autoimmunity age stratification and biomarker analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.52254
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