The Increasing Trend in Caesarean Section Rates: Global, Regional and National Estimates: 1990-2014.
<h4>Background</h4>Caesarean section (CS) rates continue to evoke worldwide concern because of their steady increase, lack of consensus on the appropriate CS rate and the associated additional short- and long-term risks and costs. We present the latest CS rates and trends over the last 2...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2016-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148343 |
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| author | Ana Pilar Betrán Jianfeng Ye Anne-Beth Moller Jun Zhang A Metin Gülmezoglu Maria Regina Torloni |
| author_facet | Ana Pilar Betrán Jianfeng Ye Anne-Beth Moller Jun Zhang A Metin Gülmezoglu Maria Regina Torloni |
| author_sort | Ana Pilar Betrán |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Caesarean section (CS) rates continue to evoke worldwide concern because of their steady increase, lack of consensus on the appropriate CS rate and the associated additional short- and long-term risks and costs. We present the latest CS rates and trends over the last 24 years.<h4>Methods</h4>We collected nationally-representative data on CS rates between 1990 to 2014 and calculated regional and subregional weighted averages. We conducted a longitudinal analysis calculating differences in CS rates as absolute change and as the average annual rate of increase (AARI).<h4>Results</h4>According to the latest data from 150 countries, currently 18.6% of all births occur by CS, ranging from 6% to 27.2% in the least and most developed regions, respectively. Latin America and the Caribbean region has the highest CS rates (40.5%), followed by Northern America (32.3%), Oceania (31.1%), Europe (25%), Asia (19.2%) and Africa (7.3%). Based on the data from 121 countries, the trend analysis showed that between 1990 and 2014, the global average CS rate increased 12.4% (from 6.7% to 19.1%) with an average annual rate of increase of 4.4%. The largest absolute increases occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (19.4%, from 22.8% to 42.2%), followed by Asia (15.1%, from 4.4% to 19.5%), Oceania (14.1%, from 18.5% to 32.6%), Europe (13.8%, from 11.2% to 25%), Northern America (10%, from 22.3% to 32.3%) and Africa (4.5%, from 2.9% to 7.4%). Asia and Northern America were the regions with the highest and lowest average annual rate of increase (6.4% and 1.6%, respectively).<h4>Conclusion</h4>The use of CS worldwide has increased to unprecedented levels although the gap between higher- and lower-resource settings remains. The information presented is essential to inform policy and global and regional strategies aimed at optimizing the use of CS. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ff4c43fe6bf842648afaf56932e22c10 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-ff4c43fe6bf842648afaf56932e22c102025-08-20T02:09:14ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032016-01-01112e014834310.1371/journal.pone.0148343The Increasing Trend in Caesarean Section Rates: Global, Regional and National Estimates: 1990-2014.Ana Pilar BetránJianfeng YeAnne-Beth MollerJun ZhangA Metin GülmezogluMaria Regina Torloni<h4>Background</h4>Caesarean section (CS) rates continue to evoke worldwide concern because of their steady increase, lack of consensus on the appropriate CS rate and the associated additional short- and long-term risks and costs. We present the latest CS rates and trends over the last 24 years.<h4>Methods</h4>We collected nationally-representative data on CS rates between 1990 to 2014 and calculated regional and subregional weighted averages. We conducted a longitudinal analysis calculating differences in CS rates as absolute change and as the average annual rate of increase (AARI).<h4>Results</h4>According to the latest data from 150 countries, currently 18.6% of all births occur by CS, ranging from 6% to 27.2% in the least and most developed regions, respectively. Latin America and the Caribbean region has the highest CS rates (40.5%), followed by Northern America (32.3%), Oceania (31.1%), Europe (25%), Asia (19.2%) and Africa (7.3%). Based on the data from 121 countries, the trend analysis showed that between 1990 and 2014, the global average CS rate increased 12.4% (from 6.7% to 19.1%) with an average annual rate of increase of 4.4%. The largest absolute increases occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (19.4%, from 22.8% to 42.2%), followed by Asia (15.1%, from 4.4% to 19.5%), Oceania (14.1%, from 18.5% to 32.6%), Europe (13.8%, from 11.2% to 25%), Northern America (10%, from 22.3% to 32.3%) and Africa (4.5%, from 2.9% to 7.4%). Asia and Northern America were the regions with the highest and lowest average annual rate of increase (6.4% and 1.6%, respectively).<h4>Conclusion</h4>The use of CS worldwide has increased to unprecedented levels although the gap between higher- and lower-resource settings remains. The information presented is essential to inform policy and global and regional strategies aimed at optimizing the use of CS.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148343 |
| spellingShingle | Ana Pilar Betrán Jianfeng Ye Anne-Beth Moller Jun Zhang A Metin Gülmezoglu Maria Regina Torloni The Increasing Trend in Caesarean Section Rates: Global, Regional and National Estimates: 1990-2014. PLoS ONE |
| title | The Increasing Trend in Caesarean Section Rates: Global, Regional and National Estimates: 1990-2014. |
| title_full | The Increasing Trend in Caesarean Section Rates: Global, Regional and National Estimates: 1990-2014. |
| title_fullStr | The Increasing Trend in Caesarean Section Rates: Global, Regional and National Estimates: 1990-2014. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Increasing Trend in Caesarean Section Rates: Global, Regional and National Estimates: 1990-2014. |
| title_short | The Increasing Trend in Caesarean Section Rates: Global, Regional and National Estimates: 1990-2014. |
| title_sort | increasing trend in caesarean section rates global regional and national estimates 1990 2014 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148343 |
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