Association of oral contraceptives and risk of endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Introduction Although the relationship between the use of oral contraceptives and reduced endometrial cancer risk has now long been established, the need for female patients to be informed on this matter based on the latest results of scientific research remains. To help the evidence‐based...

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Main Authors: András Harajka, Tímea Hercsik, Isabel Pinto Amorim dasVirgens, Izabella Máthé, Zsófia Tornyossy, Ali AlFarwi, Fanni Adél Meznerics, Szilvia Kiss‐Dala, Péter Fehérvári, Rita Nagy, Ferenc Bánhidy, Attila Majoros, Sándor Valent, Péter Hegyi, Nándor Ács
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.15043
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author András Harajka
Tímea Hercsik
Isabel Pinto Amorim dasVirgens
Izabella Máthé
Zsófia Tornyossy
Ali AlFarwi
Fanni Adél Meznerics
Szilvia Kiss‐Dala
Péter Fehérvári
Rita Nagy
Ferenc Bánhidy
Attila Majoros
Sándor Valent
Péter Hegyi
Nándor Ács
author_facet András Harajka
Tímea Hercsik
Isabel Pinto Amorim dasVirgens
Izabella Máthé
Zsófia Tornyossy
Ali AlFarwi
Fanni Adél Meznerics
Szilvia Kiss‐Dala
Péter Fehérvári
Rita Nagy
Ferenc Bánhidy
Attila Majoros
Sándor Valent
Péter Hegyi
Nándor Ács
author_sort András Harajka
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Although the relationship between the use of oral contraceptives and reduced endometrial cancer risk has now long been established, the need for female patients to be informed on this matter based on the latest results of scientific research remains. To help the evidence‐based decision‐making of women when choosing contraception methods, we aimed to provide them with an up‐to‐date overview and summary of past and recent findings on the association between the use of oral contraceptives and endometrial cancer risk. Material and Methods This study was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42022379871. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched on the December 5, 2022, to identify eligible articles. We included all experimental and observational studies that reported the number of users and non‐users of oral contraceptives among patients diagnosed or not with endometrial cancer. Data were extracted, and random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to obtain summary odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using Higgins & Thompson's I2 statistic. Results Fifty‐six studies were eligible for qualitative synthesis, of which twenty‐five were eligible for quantitative analysis. The use of oral contraceptives was inversely associated with the odds of having endometrial cancer (OR = 0.61, CI: 0.46–0.80). The long‐term use of oral contraceptives led to the greatest odds reduction in having endometrial cancer (≥10 years: OR = 0.31, CI: 0.13–0.70), while shorter periods were also associated with a significant decrease in these odds, although to a lesser extent (≥5 years: OR = 0.39, CI: 0.23–0.64; <5 years: OR = 0.66, CI: 0.48–0.91). Conclusions The administration of oral contraceptives is time dependently associated with lower odds of having endometrial cancer, suggesting a protective association between the use of oral contraceptives and endometrial cancer.
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spelling doaj-art-ff49993f9e874353a5fce68569de7ee22025-08-20T02:36:31ZengWileyActa Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica0001-63491600-04122025-04-01104459160310.1111/aogs.15043Association of oral contraceptives and risk of endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysisAndrás Harajka0Tímea Hercsik1Isabel Pinto Amorim dasVirgens2Izabella Máthé3Zsófia Tornyossy4Ali AlFarwi5Fanni Adél Meznerics6Szilvia Kiss‐Dala7Péter Fehérvári8Rita Nagy9Ferenc Bánhidy10Attila Majoros11Sándor Valent12Péter Hegyi13Nándor Ács14Centre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryCentre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryCentre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryCentre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryCentre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryCentre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryCentre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryCentre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryCentre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryCentre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryCentre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryCentre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryCentre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryCentre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryCentre for Translational Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest HungaryAbstract Introduction Although the relationship between the use of oral contraceptives and reduced endometrial cancer risk has now long been established, the need for female patients to be informed on this matter based on the latest results of scientific research remains. To help the evidence‐based decision‐making of women when choosing contraception methods, we aimed to provide them with an up‐to‐date overview and summary of past and recent findings on the association between the use of oral contraceptives and endometrial cancer risk. Material and Methods This study was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42022379871. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched on the December 5, 2022, to identify eligible articles. We included all experimental and observational studies that reported the number of users and non‐users of oral contraceptives among patients diagnosed or not with endometrial cancer. Data were extracted, and random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to obtain summary odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using Higgins & Thompson's I2 statistic. Results Fifty‐six studies were eligible for qualitative synthesis, of which twenty‐five were eligible for quantitative analysis. The use of oral contraceptives was inversely associated with the odds of having endometrial cancer (OR = 0.61, CI: 0.46–0.80). The long‐term use of oral contraceptives led to the greatest odds reduction in having endometrial cancer (≥10 years: OR = 0.31, CI: 0.13–0.70), while shorter periods were also associated with a significant decrease in these odds, although to a lesser extent (≥5 years: OR = 0.39, CI: 0.23–0.64; <5 years: OR = 0.66, CI: 0.48–0.91). Conclusions The administration of oral contraceptives is time dependently associated with lower odds of having endometrial cancer, suggesting a protective association between the use of oral contraceptives and endometrial cancer.https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.15043birth control pillendometrial cancerfamily planningmalignancyoral contraceptivestumor
spellingShingle András Harajka
Tímea Hercsik
Isabel Pinto Amorim dasVirgens
Izabella Máthé
Zsófia Tornyossy
Ali AlFarwi
Fanni Adél Meznerics
Szilvia Kiss‐Dala
Péter Fehérvári
Rita Nagy
Ferenc Bánhidy
Attila Majoros
Sándor Valent
Péter Hegyi
Nándor Ács
Association of oral contraceptives and risk of endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
birth control pill
endometrial cancer
family planning
malignancy
oral contraceptives
tumor
title Association of oral contraceptives and risk of endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
title_full Association of oral contraceptives and risk of endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
title_fullStr Association of oral contraceptives and risk of endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
title_full_unstemmed Association of oral contraceptives and risk of endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
title_short Association of oral contraceptives and risk of endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
title_sort association of oral contraceptives and risk of endometrial cancer a systematic review and meta analysis
topic birth control pill
endometrial cancer
family planning
malignancy
oral contraceptives
tumor
url https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.15043
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