Pisco, an Appellation of Origin from Peru: A review

Pisco is an Appellation of Origin from Peru, its name comes from the town and the port of Pisco. It is a spirit obtained exclusively by the distillation of base wine, produced along the coast of the departments of Lima, Ica, Arequipa, Moquegua, and Tacna. Pisco is classified as pure (monovarietal),...

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Main Authors: Juan Carlos Palma, Johana Fabián-Campos, Jacqueline Jannet Dioses-Morales, Amelia Devorah Arias-Durand, Gaby Espinoza-Córdova, Miki Gonzales-Uscamayta, Joel C. Rengifo-Maravi, Epifanio Teófilo Chire-Murillo, Víctor A. Caro Sánchez-Benites, Paola Jorge-Montalvo, Lizardo Visitación-Figueroa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-02-01
Series:Heliyon
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025006310
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author Juan Carlos Palma
Johana Fabián-Campos
Jacqueline Jannet Dioses-Morales
Amelia Devorah Arias-Durand
Gaby Espinoza-Córdova
Miki Gonzales-Uscamayta
Joel C. Rengifo-Maravi
Epifanio Teófilo Chire-Murillo
Víctor A. Caro Sánchez-Benites
Paola Jorge-Montalvo
Lizardo Visitación-Figueroa
author_facet Juan Carlos Palma
Johana Fabián-Campos
Jacqueline Jannet Dioses-Morales
Amelia Devorah Arias-Durand
Gaby Espinoza-Córdova
Miki Gonzales-Uscamayta
Joel C. Rengifo-Maravi
Epifanio Teófilo Chire-Murillo
Víctor A. Caro Sánchez-Benites
Paola Jorge-Montalvo
Lizardo Visitación-Figueroa
author_sort Juan Carlos Palma
collection DOAJ
description Pisco is an Appellation of Origin from Peru, its name comes from the town and the port of Pisco. It is a spirit obtained exclusively by the distillation of base wine, produced along the coast of the departments of Lima, Ica, Arequipa, Moquegua, and Tacna. Pisco is classified as pure (monovarietal), acholado (blend of varieties), and green must (distilled from must with interrupted fermentation). It is distilled to proof; that the alcoholic strength upon consumption ranges between 38% and 48 % (v/v). Pisco is made using eight grapes varieties: Quebranta, Negra Criolla, Mollar, Uvina, Albilla, Moscatel, Torontel, and Italia. The production process includes the stages of grape harvest, destemming, crushing, maceration, racking, pressing, fermentation, distillation, oxidative rest, filtration, and bottling. During distillation, which takes place in falcas, alembics, and alembic with heaters, the “head” and “tail” of the distillate are discarded, and only the “heart” or body is retained for oxidative rest for at least three months before being marketed. The quality of pisco is determined by the physicochemical and organoleptic requirements outlined in the Regulations of the Appellation of Origin Pisco. The aromatic components of pisco vary by type. These included: β-phenylethanol and β-phenylethyl acetate in Quebranta Pisco; ethyl furoate, 4-vinylphenol, and 4-vinylguaiacol in Albilla Pisco; 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, γ-nonalactone, β-phenylethanol, and benzyl alcohol in Moscatel Pisco; linalool, α-terpineol, geraniol, nerol, β-citronellol, and β-damascenone in Torontel Pisco; and linalool, geraniol, β-citronellol, and β-phenylethanol in Italia Pisco. Incorporation circular economy principles using solid and liquid waste from production process has been promoted. This review aims to systematize the information related to the Appellation of Origen Pisco and its production process, facilitating the development of research on quality improvements and identifying opportunities for the valorization of the residues generated during production.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2405-8440
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publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Heliyon
spelling doaj-art-ff496b20cd80473a837a6d549405b2eb2025-01-29T05:01:33ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402025-02-01113e42251Pisco, an Appellation of Origin from Peru: A reviewJuan Carlos Palma0Johana Fabián-Campos1Jacqueline Jannet Dioses-Morales2Amelia Devorah Arias-Durand3Gaby Espinoza-Córdova4Miki Gonzales-Uscamayta5Joel C. Rengifo-Maravi6Epifanio Teófilo Chire-Murillo7Víctor A. Caro Sánchez-Benites8Paola Jorge-Montalvo9Lizardo Visitación-Figueroa10Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru; Vitivinicultural Research Center, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, PeruVineyard Viña D‵ Los Campos, 15725, Lima, PeruCenter for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, PeruCenter for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, PeruCenter for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, PeruCenter for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, PeruCenter for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, PeruCenter for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, PeruCenter for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, PeruCenter for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru; Corresponding author.Center for Research in Chemistry, Toxicology, and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 15024, Lima, PeruPisco is an Appellation of Origin from Peru, its name comes from the town and the port of Pisco. It is a spirit obtained exclusively by the distillation of base wine, produced along the coast of the departments of Lima, Ica, Arequipa, Moquegua, and Tacna. Pisco is classified as pure (monovarietal), acholado (blend of varieties), and green must (distilled from must with interrupted fermentation). It is distilled to proof; that the alcoholic strength upon consumption ranges between 38% and 48 % (v/v). Pisco is made using eight grapes varieties: Quebranta, Negra Criolla, Mollar, Uvina, Albilla, Moscatel, Torontel, and Italia. The production process includes the stages of grape harvest, destemming, crushing, maceration, racking, pressing, fermentation, distillation, oxidative rest, filtration, and bottling. During distillation, which takes place in falcas, alembics, and alembic with heaters, the “head” and “tail” of the distillate are discarded, and only the “heart” or body is retained for oxidative rest for at least three months before being marketed. The quality of pisco is determined by the physicochemical and organoleptic requirements outlined in the Regulations of the Appellation of Origin Pisco. The aromatic components of pisco vary by type. These included: β-phenylethanol and β-phenylethyl acetate in Quebranta Pisco; ethyl furoate, 4-vinylphenol, and 4-vinylguaiacol in Albilla Pisco; 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, γ-nonalactone, β-phenylethanol, and benzyl alcohol in Moscatel Pisco; linalool, α-terpineol, geraniol, nerol, β-citronellol, and β-damascenone in Torontel Pisco; and linalool, geraniol, β-citronellol, and β-phenylethanol in Italia Pisco. Incorporation circular economy principles using solid and liquid waste from production process has been promoted. This review aims to systematize the information related to the Appellation of Origen Pisco and its production process, facilitating the development of research on quality improvements and identifying opportunities for the valorization of the residues generated during production.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025006310DescriptorsDistillatesOdoranteVinasseWine spirit
spellingShingle Juan Carlos Palma
Johana Fabián-Campos
Jacqueline Jannet Dioses-Morales
Amelia Devorah Arias-Durand
Gaby Espinoza-Córdova
Miki Gonzales-Uscamayta
Joel C. Rengifo-Maravi
Epifanio Teófilo Chire-Murillo
Víctor A. Caro Sánchez-Benites
Paola Jorge-Montalvo
Lizardo Visitación-Figueroa
Pisco, an Appellation of Origin from Peru: A review
Heliyon
Descriptors
Distillates
Odorante
Vinasse
Wine spirit
title Pisco, an Appellation of Origin from Peru: A review
title_full Pisco, an Appellation of Origin from Peru: A review
title_fullStr Pisco, an Appellation of Origin from Peru: A review
title_full_unstemmed Pisco, an Appellation of Origin from Peru: A review
title_short Pisco, an Appellation of Origin from Peru: A review
title_sort pisco an appellation of origin from peru a review
topic Descriptors
Distillates
Odorante
Vinasse
Wine spirit
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025006310
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