Three-dimensional double negative mechanical metamaterials with tailored anisotropy

Mechanical metamaterials, developed artificially, possess remarkable properties, though these often conflict and are difficult to balance. Previous research on double-negative (negative stiffness and negative Poisson's ratio) metamaterials has been limited to two-dimensional structures or compl...

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Main Authors: Wenkai Liu, Fenglei Li, Yong Liang, Eric Li, Dahua Shou, Bing Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Virtual and Physical Prototyping
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17452759.2025.2500669
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author Wenkai Liu
Fenglei Li
Yong Liang
Eric Li
Dahua Shou
Bing Li
author_facet Wenkai Liu
Fenglei Li
Yong Liang
Eric Li
Dahua Shou
Bing Li
author_sort Wenkai Liu
collection DOAJ
description Mechanical metamaterials, developed artificially, possess remarkable properties, though these often conflict and are difficult to balance. Previous research on double-negative (negative stiffness and negative Poisson's ratio) metamaterials has been limited to two-dimensional structures or complex fabrication methods, restricting their functionality and applications. To overcome these challenges, we propose a three-dimensional double-negative mechanical metamaterial design, comprising negative stiffness cells and frameworks. This design employs cube arrangements, rotation angles, selective connections, and guide rod assemblies to create 3D structures that maintain localised negative stiffness. The overall negative Poisson's ratio is achieved through coercive deformation between frameworks. Specimens are rapidly fabricated through one-time 3D printing and facile assembly. Based on this strategy, a series of 3D orthotropic isotropic and anisotropic metamaterials are proposed, which have a large tunable design space including parameters such as compressive force, Poisson's ratio and anisotropy. In addition, these metamaterials exhibit high elasticity and mechanical hysteresis during cyclic loading and unloading. These properties were verified by simulations and experiments. These metamaterials have potential applications in helmets, crash beams, landing gears, and other orientation-dependent protection systems.
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series Virtual and Physical Prototyping
spelling doaj-art-ff3d34ec3931421984e39f9d36f7b9202025-08-20T03:53:46ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirtual and Physical Prototyping1745-27591745-27672025-12-0120110.1080/17452759.2025.2500669Three-dimensional double negative mechanical metamaterials with tailored anisotropyWenkai Liu0Fenglei Li1Yong Liang2Eric Li3Dahua Shou4Bing Li5School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Computing, Engineering & Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UKFuture Intelligent Wear Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of ChinaMechanical metamaterials, developed artificially, possess remarkable properties, though these often conflict and are difficult to balance. Previous research on double-negative (negative stiffness and negative Poisson's ratio) metamaterials has been limited to two-dimensional structures or complex fabrication methods, restricting their functionality and applications. To overcome these challenges, we propose a three-dimensional double-negative mechanical metamaterial design, comprising negative stiffness cells and frameworks. This design employs cube arrangements, rotation angles, selective connections, and guide rod assemblies to create 3D structures that maintain localised negative stiffness. The overall negative Poisson's ratio is achieved through coercive deformation between frameworks. Specimens are rapidly fabricated through one-time 3D printing and facile assembly. Based on this strategy, a series of 3D orthotropic isotropic and anisotropic metamaterials are proposed, which have a large tunable design space including parameters such as compressive force, Poisson's ratio and anisotropy. In addition, these metamaterials exhibit high elasticity and mechanical hysteresis during cyclic loading and unloading. These properties were verified by simulations and experiments. These metamaterials have potential applications in helmets, crash beams, landing gears, and other orientation-dependent protection systems.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17452759.2025.25006693D mechanical metamaterialdouble-negative propertiestailored anisotropyhigh elasticity and mechanical hysteresis
spellingShingle Wenkai Liu
Fenglei Li
Yong Liang
Eric Li
Dahua Shou
Bing Li
Three-dimensional double negative mechanical metamaterials with tailored anisotropy
Virtual and Physical Prototyping
3D mechanical metamaterial
double-negative properties
tailored anisotropy
high elasticity and mechanical hysteresis
title Three-dimensional double negative mechanical metamaterials with tailored anisotropy
title_full Three-dimensional double negative mechanical metamaterials with tailored anisotropy
title_fullStr Three-dimensional double negative mechanical metamaterials with tailored anisotropy
title_full_unstemmed Three-dimensional double negative mechanical metamaterials with tailored anisotropy
title_short Three-dimensional double negative mechanical metamaterials with tailored anisotropy
title_sort three dimensional double negative mechanical metamaterials with tailored anisotropy
topic 3D mechanical metamaterial
double-negative properties
tailored anisotropy
high elasticity and mechanical hysteresis
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17452759.2025.2500669
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