Dereplication of secondary metabolites from Sophora flavescens using an LC–MS/MS-based molecular networking strategy

Abstract A dereplication strategy was developed for the screening of secondary metabolites from Sophora flavescens. The strategy consisted of 4 procedures. First, the extract of the Sophora flavescens root was subjected to LC–MS/MS analysis with both data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode and data-...

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Main Authors: Hua Wang, Hui Ding
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94958-3
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author Hua Wang
Hui Ding
author_facet Hua Wang
Hui Ding
author_sort Hua Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A dereplication strategy was developed for the screening of secondary metabolites from Sophora flavescens. The strategy consisted of 4 procedures. First, the extract of the Sophora flavescens root was subjected to LC–MS/MS analysis with both data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode and data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode. Then the DIA results were used to construct a molecular networking (MN) according to the GNPS workflow and consequently obtain annotations. In parallel, the DDA results were projected to both MN analysis and direct databases matching to obtain annotations. Finally, the isomers were discriminated and annotated by their extracted ion chromatogram. Through the combination of these approaches, a total of 51 compounds were annotated and dereplicated in the Sophora flavescens samples. The annotation results showed DIA and DDA approach are complementary to each other. MN on GNPS can overcome the challenges of trace compound identification compared to direct DB matching. This strategy provides a powerful tool for the dereplication study in plant chemistry.
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spelling doaj-art-ff3b49fa303343488e1d5220f76fff8f2025-08-20T03:40:44ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-94958-3Dereplication of secondary metabolites from Sophora flavescens using an LC–MS/MS-based molecular networking strategyHua Wang0Hui Ding1Instrumental Analysis Center, Yancheng Teachers UniversitySchool of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers UniversityAbstract A dereplication strategy was developed for the screening of secondary metabolites from Sophora flavescens. The strategy consisted of 4 procedures. First, the extract of the Sophora flavescens root was subjected to LC–MS/MS analysis with both data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode and data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode. Then the DIA results were used to construct a molecular networking (MN) according to the GNPS workflow and consequently obtain annotations. In parallel, the DDA results were projected to both MN analysis and direct databases matching to obtain annotations. Finally, the isomers were discriminated and annotated by their extracted ion chromatogram. Through the combination of these approaches, a total of 51 compounds were annotated and dereplicated in the Sophora flavescens samples. The annotation results showed DIA and DDA approach are complementary to each other. MN on GNPS can overcome the challenges of trace compound identification compared to direct DB matching. This strategy provides a powerful tool for the dereplication study in plant chemistry.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94958-3Sophora flavescensMetabolitesDereplicationMolecular networkingAlkaloidsFlavonoids
spellingShingle Hua Wang
Hui Ding
Dereplication of secondary metabolites from Sophora flavescens using an LC–MS/MS-based molecular networking strategy
Scientific Reports
Sophora flavescens
Metabolites
Dereplication
Molecular networking
Alkaloids
Flavonoids
title Dereplication of secondary metabolites from Sophora flavescens using an LC–MS/MS-based molecular networking strategy
title_full Dereplication of secondary metabolites from Sophora flavescens using an LC–MS/MS-based molecular networking strategy
title_fullStr Dereplication of secondary metabolites from Sophora flavescens using an LC–MS/MS-based molecular networking strategy
title_full_unstemmed Dereplication of secondary metabolites from Sophora flavescens using an LC–MS/MS-based molecular networking strategy
title_short Dereplication of secondary metabolites from Sophora flavescens using an LC–MS/MS-based molecular networking strategy
title_sort dereplication of secondary metabolites from sophora flavescens using an lc ms ms based molecular networking strategy
topic Sophora flavescens
Metabolites
Dereplication
Molecular networking
Alkaloids
Flavonoids
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94958-3
work_keys_str_mv AT huawang dereplicationofsecondarymetabolitesfromsophoraflavescensusinganlcmsmsbasedmolecularnetworkingstrategy
AT huiding dereplicationofsecondarymetabolitesfromsophoraflavescensusinganlcmsmsbasedmolecularnetworkingstrategy