The Involvement of Neuroinflammation and Kynurenine Pathway in Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterised by loss of dopaminergic neurons and localized neuroinflammation occurring in the midbrain several years before the actual onset of symptoms. Activated microglia themselves release a large number of inflammatory mediators t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2011-01-01
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| Series: | Parkinson's Disease |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/716859 |
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| author | Anna Zinger Carlos Barcia Maria Trinidad Herrero Gilles J. Guillemin |
| author_facet | Anna Zinger Carlos Barcia Maria Trinidad Herrero Gilles J. Guillemin |
| author_sort | Anna Zinger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterised by loss of dopaminergic neurons and localized neuroinflammation occurring in the midbrain several years before the actual onset of symptoms. Activated microglia themselves release a large number of inflammatory mediators thus perpetuating neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. The Kynurenine pathway (KP), the main catabolic pathway for tryptophan, is one of the major regulators of the immune response and may also be implicated in the inflammatory response in parkinsonism. The KP generates several neuroactive compounds and therefore has either a neurotoxic or neuroprotective effect. Several of these molecules produced by microglia can activate the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-signalling pathway, leading to an excitotoxic response. Previous studies have shown that NMDA antagonists can ease symptoms and exert a neuroprotective effect in PD both in vivo and in vitro. There are to date several lines of evidence linking some of the KP intermediates and the neuropathogenesis of PD. Moreover, it is likely that pharmacological modulation of the KP will represent a new therapeutic strategy for PD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ff274566c8f34d3e837ceace1f0c3f10 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2042-0080 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2011-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Parkinson's Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-ff274566c8f34d3e837ceace1f0c3f102025-08-20T02:22:44ZengWileyParkinson's Disease2042-00802011-01-01201110.4061/2011/716859716859The Involvement of Neuroinflammation and Kynurenine Pathway in Parkinson's DiseaseAnna Zinger0Carlos Barcia1Maria Trinidad Herrero2Gilles J. Guillemin3Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaExperimental and Clinical Neuroscience (NiCE-CIBERNED), Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, SpainExperimental and Clinical Neuroscience (NiCE-CIBERNED), Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, SpainDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaParkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterised by loss of dopaminergic neurons and localized neuroinflammation occurring in the midbrain several years before the actual onset of symptoms. Activated microglia themselves release a large number of inflammatory mediators thus perpetuating neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. The Kynurenine pathway (KP), the main catabolic pathway for tryptophan, is one of the major regulators of the immune response and may also be implicated in the inflammatory response in parkinsonism. The KP generates several neuroactive compounds and therefore has either a neurotoxic or neuroprotective effect. Several of these molecules produced by microglia can activate the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-signalling pathway, leading to an excitotoxic response. Previous studies have shown that NMDA antagonists can ease symptoms and exert a neuroprotective effect in PD both in vivo and in vitro. There are to date several lines of evidence linking some of the KP intermediates and the neuropathogenesis of PD. Moreover, it is likely that pharmacological modulation of the KP will represent a new therapeutic strategy for PD.http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/716859 |
| spellingShingle | Anna Zinger Carlos Barcia Maria Trinidad Herrero Gilles J. Guillemin The Involvement of Neuroinflammation and Kynurenine Pathway in Parkinson's Disease Parkinson's Disease |
| title | The Involvement of Neuroinflammation and Kynurenine Pathway in Parkinson's Disease |
| title_full | The Involvement of Neuroinflammation and Kynurenine Pathway in Parkinson's Disease |
| title_fullStr | The Involvement of Neuroinflammation and Kynurenine Pathway in Parkinson's Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Involvement of Neuroinflammation and Kynurenine Pathway in Parkinson's Disease |
| title_short | The Involvement of Neuroinflammation and Kynurenine Pathway in Parkinson's Disease |
| title_sort | involvement of neuroinflammation and kynurenine pathway in parkinson s disease |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/716859 |
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