Humoral immunity is sufficient to protect mice against Rift Valley fever encephalitis following percutaneous exposure
Abstract In humans, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infection typically presents as a self-limiting febrile illness but can cause severe complications. Neurological disease manifestations are particularly concerning as they are associated with increased mortality and long-term morbidity. This study d...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | npj Vaccines |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01200-2 |
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| author | Karina Mueller Brown Dominique J. Barbeau Lingqing Xu Brian H. Bird Anita K. McElroy |
| author_facet | Karina Mueller Brown Dominique J. Barbeau Lingqing Xu Brian H. Bird Anita K. McElroy |
| author_sort | Karina Mueller Brown |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In humans, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infection typically presents as a self-limiting febrile illness but can cause severe complications. Neurological disease manifestations are particularly concerning as they are associated with increased mortality and long-term morbidity. This study demonstrated that vaccination with live attenuated RVFV was effective in preventing central nervous system (CNS) disease in the CC057/Unc mouse model of late-onset RVF encephalitis. Vaccine candidates (ΔNSs and ΔNSsΔNSm) were safe and immunogenic and elicited both RVFV-specific humoral and cellular immunity. Vaccinated mice survived percutaneous wild-type (WT) RVFV challenge and were protected from CNS disease. Naïve mice that received passive transfer of serum from vaccinated animals 2 days post-WT challenge were protected against late-onset encephalitis. These data demonstrate that humoral immunity is sufficient to protect against RVF encephalitis in CC057/Unc mice and suggest the potential of these vaccine candidates to prevent CNS disease in humans. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ff23399cf25c40cdb4785cf73fdff36e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2059-0105 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | npj Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-ff23399cf25c40cdb4785cf73fdff36e2025-08-20T03:03:23ZengNature Portfolionpj Vaccines2059-01052025-07-0110111010.1038/s41541-025-01200-2Humoral immunity is sufficient to protect mice against Rift Valley fever encephalitis following percutaneous exposureKarina Mueller Brown0Dominique J. Barbeau1Lingqing Xu2Brian H. Bird3Anita K. McElroy4Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicineOne Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicineAbstract In humans, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infection typically presents as a self-limiting febrile illness but can cause severe complications. Neurological disease manifestations are particularly concerning as they are associated with increased mortality and long-term morbidity. This study demonstrated that vaccination with live attenuated RVFV was effective in preventing central nervous system (CNS) disease in the CC057/Unc mouse model of late-onset RVF encephalitis. Vaccine candidates (ΔNSs and ΔNSsΔNSm) were safe and immunogenic and elicited both RVFV-specific humoral and cellular immunity. Vaccinated mice survived percutaneous wild-type (WT) RVFV challenge and were protected from CNS disease. Naïve mice that received passive transfer of serum from vaccinated animals 2 days post-WT challenge were protected against late-onset encephalitis. These data demonstrate that humoral immunity is sufficient to protect against RVF encephalitis in CC057/Unc mice and suggest the potential of these vaccine candidates to prevent CNS disease in humans.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01200-2 |
| spellingShingle | Karina Mueller Brown Dominique J. Barbeau Lingqing Xu Brian H. Bird Anita K. McElroy Humoral immunity is sufficient to protect mice against Rift Valley fever encephalitis following percutaneous exposure npj Vaccines |
| title | Humoral immunity is sufficient to protect mice against Rift Valley fever encephalitis following percutaneous exposure |
| title_full | Humoral immunity is sufficient to protect mice against Rift Valley fever encephalitis following percutaneous exposure |
| title_fullStr | Humoral immunity is sufficient to protect mice against Rift Valley fever encephalitis following percutaneous exposure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Humoral immunity is sufficient to protect mice against Rift Valley fever encephalitis following percutaneous exposure |
| title_short | Humoral immunity is sufficient to protect mice against Rift Valley fever encephalitis following percutaneous exposure |
| title_sort | humoral immunity is sufficient to protect mice against rift valley fever encephalitis following percutaneous exposure |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01200-2 |
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