Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Alpine Shrub Communities of the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China

Understanding soil fertility is significant for the restoration and scientific management of shrub vegetation in the Qilian Mountains. This study focused on the soils associated with five common alpine shrub species—<i>Salix gilashanica</i>, <i>Potentilla fruticosa</i>, <i...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jian Ma, Qi Feng, Guang Li, Wei Liu, Peng Chen, Ning Li, Wanjian Qian, Yufeng Teng, Xiaopeng Li, Jing Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Diversity
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/3/175
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850205693518282752
author Jian Ma
Qi Feng
Guang Li
Wei Liu
Peng Chen
Ning Li
Wanjian Qian
Yufeng Teng
Xiaopeng Li
Jing Li
author_facet Jian Ma
Qi Feng
Guang Li
Wei Liu
Peng Chen
Ning Li
Wanjian Qian
Yufeng Teng
Xiaopeng Li
Jing Li
author_sort Jian Ma
collection DOAJ
description Understanding soil fertility is significant for the restoration and scientific management of shrub vegetation in the Qilian Mountains. This study focused on the soils associated with five common alpine shrub species—<i>Salix gilashanica</i>, <i>Potentilla fruticosa</i>, <i>Caragana jubata</i>, <i>Caragana tangutica</i>, and <i>Berberis diaphana</i>. We examined soil fertility characteristics, analyzed the relationships among soil fertility indicators, and evaluated the comprehensive fertility status of soil within shrub communities using principal component analysis. The results indicated that (1) the mean values of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were 77.94, 3.85, and 0.74 g kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively; (2) the soil organic matter and total nitrogen content were significantly higher than the national averages, while the total phosphorus content was slightly lower; and (3) the soil pH and total potassium showed weak variability, the total phosphorus content exhibited moderate variability, and other nutrient indicators (including soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil bulk density, and soil water content) exhibited strong variability. Soil organic matter exhibited a significant positive correlation with total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and soil water content but negatively correlated with soil pH and bulk density. Total nitrogen was positively correlated with alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and soil water content but negatively correlated with soil pH and soil bulk density. Total phosphorus demonstrated a positive correlation with total potassium and soil bulk density, whereas total potassium was negatively correlated with available phosphorus. The order of soil fertility of the five communities was <i>Salix gilashanica</i> > <i>Potentilla fruticosa</i> > <i>Berberis diaphana</i> > <i>Caragana jubata</i> > <i>Caragana tangutica</i>. The soil fertility index, based on PCA, indicated that <i>Salix gilashanica</i> exhibited the highest fertility status. The findings of this study provide a theoretical reference for the restoration and reconstruction of shrub vegetation, the enhancement of soil fertility, and the improvement of fragile ecosystems in the Qilian Mountains. It also provides essential insights for soil restoration and sustainable ecosystem management in alpine environments.
format Article
id doaj-art-ff1fa54a2a31426cb239f144a1629de1
institution OA Journals
issn 1424-2818
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Diversity
spelling doaj-art-ff1fa54a2a31426cb239f144a1629de12025-08-20T02:11:01ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182025-02-0117317510.3390/d17030175Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Alpine Shrub Communities of the Qilian Mountains, Northwest ChinaJian Ma0Qi Feng1Guang Li2Wei Liu3Peng Chen4Ning Li5Wanjian Qian6Yufeng Teng7Xiaopeng Li8Jing Li9Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaHexi University, Zhangye 734000, ChinaNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaZhangye Forestry Research Institute, Zhangye 734000, ChinaZhangye Forestry Research Institute, Zhangye 734000, ChinaZhangye Forestry Research Institute, Zhangye 734000, ChinaZhangye Forestry Research Institute, Zhangye 734000, ChinaZhangye Forestry Research Institute, Zhangye 734000, ChinaZhangye Forestry Research Institute, Zhangye 734000, ChinaUnderstanding soil fertility is significant for the restoration and scientific management of shrub vegetation in the Qilian Mountains. This study focused on the soils associated with five common alpine shrub species—<i>Salix gilashanica</i>, <i>Potentilla fruticosa</i>, <i>Caragana jubata</i>, <i>Caragana tangutica</i>, and <i>Berberis diaphana</i>. We examined soil fertility characteristics, analyzed the relationships among soil fertility indicators, and evaluated the comprehensive fertility status of soil within shrub communities using principal component analysis. The results indicated that (1) the mean values of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were 77.94, 3.85, and 0.74 g kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively; (2) the soil organic matter and total nitrogen content were significantly higher than the national averages, while the total phosphorus content was slightly lower; and (3) the soil pH and total potassium showed weak variability, the total phosphorus content exhibited moderate variability, and other nutrient indicators (including soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil bulk density, and soil water content) exhibited strong variability. Soil organic matter exhibited a significant positive correlation with total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and soil water content but negatively correlated with soil pH and bulk density. Total nitrogen was positively correlated with alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and soil water content but negatively correlated with soil pH and soil bulk density. Total phosphorus demonstrated a positive correlation with total potassium and soil bulk density, whereas total potassium was negatively correlated with available phosphorus. The order of soil fertility of the five communities was <i>Salix gilashanica</i> > <i>Potentilla fruticosa</i> > <i>Berberis diaphana</i> > <i>Caragana jubata</i> > <i>Caragana tangutica</i>. The soil fertility index, based on PCA, indicated that <i>Salix gilashanica</i> exhibited the highest fertility status. The findings of this study provide a theoretical reference for the restoration and reconstruction of shrub vegetation, the enhancement of soil fertility, and the improvement of fragile ecosystems in the Qilian Mountains. It also provides essential insights for soil restoration and sustainable ecosystem management in alpine environments.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/3/175alpineshrubssoil fertilityprincipal component analysisQilian Mountains
spellingShingle Jian Ma
Qi Feng
Guang Li
Wei Liu
Peng Chen
Ning Li
Wanjian Qian
Yufeng Teng
Xiaopeng Li
Jing Li
Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Alpine Shrub Communities of the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China
Diversity
alpine
shrubs
soil fertility
principal component analysis
Qilian Mountains
title Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Alpine Shrub Communities of the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China
title_full Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Alpine Shrub Communities of the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China
title_fullStr Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Alpine Shrub Communities of the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Alpine Shrub Communities of the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China
title_short Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Alpine Shrub Communities of the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China
title_sort evaluation of soil fertility in alpine shrub communities of the qilian mountains northwest china
topic alpine
shrubs
soil fertility
principal component analysis
Qilian Mountains
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/3/175
work_keys_str_mv AT jianma evaluationofsoilfertilityinalpineshrubcommunitiesoftheqilianmountainsnorthwestchina
AT qifeng evaluationofsoilfertilityinalpineshrubcommunitiesoftheqilianmountainsnorthwestchina
AT guangli evaluationofsoilfertilityinalpineshrubcommunitiesoftheqilianmountainsnorthwestchina
AT weiliu evaluationofsoilfertilityinalpineshrubcommunitiesoftheqilianmountainsnorthwestchina
AT pengchen evaluationofsoilfertilityinalpineshrubcommunitiesoftheqilianmountainsnorthwestchina
AT ningli evaluationofsoilfertilityinalpineshrubcommunitiesoftheqilianmountainsnorthwestchina
AT wanjianqian evaluationofsoilfertilityinalpineshrubcommunitiesoftheqilianmountainsnorthwestchina
AT yufengteng evaluationofsoilfertilityinalpineshrubcommunitiesoftheqilianmountainsnorthwestchina
AT xiaopengli evaluationofsoilfertilityinalpineshrubcommunitiesoftheqilianmountainsnorthwestchina
AT jingli evaluationofsoilfertilityinalpineshrubcommunitiesoftheqilianmountainsnorthwestchina