Differential neural decoding of alarm and avoidance information from vocal alarm calls in humans

Abstract Many animals and humans use scream calls to signal imminent threats, which typically evoke alarm and escape responses in recipients. Compared to animals, human scream calls are more diversified with varying levels of alarm signaling. Certain low-alarm human screams thus might not elicit ful...

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Main Authors: Gard K. Beinnes, Christine Skjegstad, Sascha Frühholz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08248-9
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author Gard K. Beinnes
Christine Skjegstad
Sascha Frühholz
author_facet Gard K. Beinnes
Christine Skjegstad
Sascha Frühholz
author_sort Gard K. Beinnes
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Many animals and humans use scream calls to signal imminent threats, which typically evoke alarm and escape responses in recipients. Compared to animals, human scream calls are more diversified with varying levels of alarm signaling. Certain low-alarm human screams thus might not elicit full neural alarm cascades and threat avoidance actions. Here we investigated the neural circuits for decoding alarm and avoid-approach information from positive and negative scream calls in humans. Alarm and avoid-approach decisions showed minimal neural overlap, with alarm decisions recruiting neural cascades of sensory-affective decoding for action preparation, whereas avoid-approach judgments recruited neural systems for spatio-affective decoding for social decision-making. Furthermore, decision patterns revealed both an alarm quotient and an avoid quotient for risk arbitration, which linked the likelihood of an urgent response (alarm, avoid) to a slowing of choosing a potential safe option in response to scream calls. While the avoid quotient positively predicted neural activity in a broad cortico-limbic network, the alarm quotient predicted neural suppression with increasing alarm levels, especially in the amygdala as part of a presumed limbic alarm system. This points to a critical involvement of the amygdala at neural levels of choice arbitrations rather than in threat evaluations signaled by screams.
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spelling doaj-art-ff16c8d09f7241a49cf2979ea1f6a5212025-08-20T03:22:12ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-05-018111110.1038/s42003-025-08248-9Differential neural decoding of alarm and avoidance information from vocal alarm calls in humansGard K. Beinnes0Christine Skjegstad1Sascha Frühholz2Department of Psychology, University of OsloDepartment of Psychology, University of OsloDepartment of Psychology, University of OsloAbstract Many animals and humans use scream calls to signal imminent threats, which typically evoke alarm and escape responses in recipients. Compared to animals, human scream calls are more diversified with varying levels of alarm signaling. Certain low-alarm human screams thus might not elicit full neural alarm cascades and threat avoidance actions. Here we investigated the neural circuits for decoding alarm and avoid-approach information from positive and negative scream calls in humans. Alarm and avoid-approach decisions showed minimal neural overlap, with alarm decisions recruiting neural cascades of sensory-affective decoding for action preparation, whereas avoid-approach judgments recruited neural systems for spatio-affective decoding for social decision-making. Furthermore, decision patterns revealed both an alarm quotient and an avoid quotient for risk arbitration, which linked the likelihood of an urgent response (alarm, avoid) to a slowing of choosing a potential safe option in response to scream calls. While the avoid quotient positively predicted neural activity in a broad cortico-limbic network, the alarm quotient predicted neural suppression with increasing alarm levels, especially in the amygdala as part of a presumed limbic alarm system. This points to a critical involvement of the amygdala at neural levels of choice arbitrations rather than in threat evaluations signaled by screams.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08248-9
spellingShingle Gard K. Beinnes
Christine Skjegstad
Sascha Frühholz
Differential neural decoding of alarm and avoidance information from vocal alarm calls in humans
Communications Biology
title Differential neural decoding of alarm and avoidance information from vocal alarm calls in humans
title_full Differential neural decoding of alarm and avoidance information from vocal alarm calls in humans
title_fullStr Differential neural decoding of alarm and avoidance information from vocal alarm calls in humans
title_full_unstemmed Differential neural decoding of alarm and avoidance information from vocal alarm calls in humans
title_short Differential neural decoding of alarm and avoidance information from vocal alarm calls in humans
title_sort differential neural decoding of alarm and avoidance information from vocal alarm calls in humans
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08248-9
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