RETRACTED: Investigating the Co-movement Nexus Between Air Quality, Temperature, and COVID-19 in California: Implications for Public Health
This research aims to look at the link between environmental pollutants and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in California. To illustrate the COVID-19 outbreak, weather, and environmental pollution, we used daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients, average daily temperature, and air qua...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.815248/full |
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| author | Zeeshan Fareed Muhammad Farhan Bashir Bilal Sultan Salem |
| author_facet | Zeeshan Fareed Muhammad Farhan Bashir Bilal Sultan Salem |
| author_sort | Zeeshan Fareed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research aims to look at the link between environmental pollutants and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in California. To illustrate the COVID-19 outbreak, weather, and environmental pollution, we used daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients, average daily temperature, and air quality Index, respectively. To evaluate the data from March 1 to May 24, 2020, we used continuous wavelet transform and then applied partial wavelet coherence (PWC), wavelet transform coherence (WTC), and multiple wavelet coherence (MWC). Empirical estimates disclose a significant association between these series at different time-frequency spaces. The COVID-19 outbreak in California and average daily temperature show a negative (out phase) coherence. Similarly, the air quality index and COVID-19 also show a negative association circle during the second week of the observed period. Our findings will serve as policy implications for state and health officials and regulators to combat the COVID-19 outbreak. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ff0ffb6767b24b79b7b797c302ec72ee |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-ff0ffb6767b24b79b7b797c302ec72ee2025-08-20T03:40:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652021-12-01910.3389/fpubh.2021.815248815248RETRACTED: Investigating the Co-movement Nexus Between Air Quality, Temperature, and COVID-19 in California: Implications for Public HealthZeeshan Fareed0Muhammad Farhan Bashir1 Bilal2Sultan Salem3School of Economics and Management, Huzhou University, Huzhou, ChinaSchool of Business, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaAccounting School, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Economics (DoE), Birmingham Business School (BBS), College of Social Sciences (CoSS), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomThis research aims to look at the link between environmental pollutants and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in California. To illustrate the COVID-19 outbreak, weather, and environmental pollution, we used daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients, average daily temperature, and air quality Index, respectively. To evaluate the data from March 1 to May 24, 2020, we used continuous wavelet transform and then applied partial wavelet coherence (PWC), wavelet transform coherence (WTC), and multiple wavelet coherence (MWC). Empirical estimates disclose a significant association between these series at different time-frequency spaces. The COVID-19 outbreak in California and average daily temperature show a negative (out phase) coherence. Similarly, the air quality index and COVID-19 also show a negative association circle during the second week of the observed period. Our findings will serve as policy implications for state and health officials and regulators to combat the COVID-19 outbreak.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.815248/fullCOVID-19air quality indextemperatureCaliforniawavelet-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Zeeshan Fareed Muhammad Farhan Bashir Bilal Sultan Salem RETRACTED: Investigating the Co-movement Nexus Between Air Quality, Temperature, and COVID-19 in California: Implications for Public Health Frontiers in Public Health COVID-19 air quality index temperature California wavelet-analysis |
| title | RETRACTED: Investigating the Co-movement Nexus Between Air Quality, Temperature, and COVID-19 in California: Implications for Public Health |
| title_full | RETRACTED: Investigating the Co-movement Nexus Between Air Quality, Temperature, and COVID-19 in California: Implications for Public Health |
| title_fullStr | RETRACTED: Investigating the Co-movement Nexus Between Air Quality, Temperature, and COVID-19 in California: Implications for Public Health |
| title_full_unstemmed | RETRACTED: Investigating the Co-movement Nexus Between Air Quality, Temperature, and COVID-19 in California: Implications for Public Health |
| title_short | RETRACTED: Investigating the Co-movement Nexus Between Air Quality, Temperature, and COVID-19 in California: Implications for Public Health |
| title_sort | retracted investigating the co movement nexus between air quality temperature and covid 19 in california implications for public health |
| topic | COVID-19 air quality index temperature California wavelet-analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.815248/full |
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