A Two-Step Projected Iterative Algorithm for Tropospheric Water Vapor Tomography

The tropospheric tomography is an ill-posed inversion problem due to the sparsity of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) stations and the limitation on the projection angles of GNSS signals, which in turn affects the stability and robustness of the tomographic solution. To address this, a new...

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Main Authors: Shangyi Liu, Kefei Zhang, Suqin Wu, Wenyuan Zhang, Longjiang Li, Moufeng Wan, Jiaqi Shi, Minghao Zhang, Andong Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2022-01-01
Series:IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9833506/
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author Shangyi Liu
Kefei Zhang
Suqin Wu
Wenyuan Zhang
Longjiang Li
Moufeng Wan
Jiaqi Shi
Minghao Zhang
Andong Hu
author_facet Shangyi Liu
Kefei Zhang
Suqin Wu
Wenyuan Zhang
Longjiang Li
Moufeng Wan
Jiaqi Shi
Minghao Zhang
Andong Hu
author_sort Shangyi Liu
collection DOAJ
description The tropospheric tomography is an ill-posed inversion problem due to the sparsity of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) stations and the limitation on the projection angles of GNSS signals, which in turn affects the stability and robustness of the tomographic solution. To address this, a new tomographic algorithm, named two-step projected iterative algorithm (TSPIA), is proposed. The wet refractivity (WR) field was constructed in two steps: first, an iterative preprocessing for the initial input values was performed, and then its resultant solution was input into the projected iterative method, in which a hypothesis convex set was constructed to constrain the reconstruction based on the classical algebraic iterative reconstruction (AIR) methods. In addition, a two-dimensional normalized cumulative periodogram (2-D-NCP) termination criterion was investigated since the traditional criteria for judging the convergence of iterations use prefixed empirical thresholds, which may lead to excessive iterations and need complicated work. The TSPIA was tested using GNSS data in Hong Kong over a wet period and a dry period. Statistical results showed that, compared to the classical AIR methods, the accuracy of the reconstructed WR field of the TSPIA were improved by about 10% and 15% when radiosonde and ECMWF data were used as the reference, respectively. Moreover, experiments for the proposed 2-D-NCP criterion demonstrated noticeable computational efficiency. These results suggest that the new approaches proposed in this article can improve the performance of the iterative methods for GNSS tropospheric tomography.
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spelling doaj-art-ff076b372aca404e8be3d763a070cee12025-08-20T02:37:43ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing1939-14042151-15352022-01-01155999601510.1109/JSTARS.2022.31924379833506A Two-Step Projected Iterative Algorithm for Tropospheric Water Vapor TomographyShangyi Liu0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8472-5145Kefei Zhang1Suqin Wu2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0994-402XWenyuan Zhang3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-0481Longjiang Li4Moufeng Wan5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-0587Jiaqi Shi6Minghao Zhang7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5786-7436Andong Hu8School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaSchool of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaSchool of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaSchool of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaSchool of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaSchool of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaSchool of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaSchool of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, ChinaCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USAThe tropospheric tomography is an ill-posed inversion problem due to the sparsity of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) stations and the limitation on the projection angles of GNSS signals, which in turn affects the stability and robustness of the tomographic solution. To address this, a new tomographic algorithm, named two-step projected iterative algorithm (TSPIA), is proposed. The wet refractivity (WR) field was constructed in two steps: first, an iterative preprocessing for the initial input values was performed, and then its resultant solution was input into the projected iterative method, in which a hypothesis convex set was constructed to constrain the reconstruction based on the classical algebraic iterative reconstruction (AIR) methods. In addition, a two-dimensional normalized cumulative periodogram (2-D-NCP) termination criterion was investigated since the traditional criteria for judging the convergence of iterations use prefixed empirical thresholds, which may lead to excessive iterations and need complicated work. The TSPIA was tested using GNSS data in Hong Kong over a wet period and a dry period. Statistical results showed that, compared to the classical AIR methods, the accuracy of the reconstructed WR field of the TSPIA were improved by about 10% and 15% when radiosonde and ECMWF data were used as the reference, respectively. Moreover, experiments for the proposed 2-D-NCP criterion demonstrated noticeable computational efficiency. These results suggest that the new approaches proposed in this article can improve the performance of the iterative methods for GNSS tropospheric tomography.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9833506/Algebraic reconstruction technique (ART)global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)ill-posed problemprojected iterative methodtropospheric tomography
spellingShingle Shangyi Liu
Kefei Zhang
Suqin Wu
Wenyuan Zhang
Longjiang Li
Moufeng Wan
Jiaqi Shi
Minghao Zhang
Andong Hu
A Two-Step Projected Iterative Algorithm for Tropospheric Water Vapor Tomography
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
Algebraic reconstruction technique (ART)
global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)
ill-posed problem
projected iterative method
tropospheric tomography
title A Two-Step Projected Iterative Algorithm for Tropospheric Water Vapor Tomography
title_full A Two-Step Projected Iterative Algorithm for Tropospheric Water Vapor Tomography
title_fullStr A Two-Step Projected Iterative Algorithm for Tropospheric Water Vapor Tomography
title_full_unstemmed A Two-Step Projected Iterative Algorithm for Tropospheric Water Vapor Tomography
title_short A Two-Step Projected Iterative Algorithm for Tropospheric Water Vapor Tomography
title_sort two step projected iterative algorithm for tropospheric water vapor tomography
topic Algebraic reconstruction technique (ART)
global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)
ill-posed problem
projected iterative method
tropospheric tomography
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9833506/
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