Morphological Engineering of Battery-Type Cobalt Oxide Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Nanomaterials have attracted significant attention in recent decades for their diverse applications, including energy storage devices like supercapacitors. Among these, cobalt oxide (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanostructures stand out due to their high theoretical capacitan...

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Main Authors: Boddu Haritha, Mudda Deepak, Obili M. Hussain, Christian M. Julien
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Physchem
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7167/5/1/11
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author Boddu Haritha
Mudda Deepak
Obili M. Hussain
Christian M. Julien
author_facet Boddu Haritha
Mudda Deepak
Obili M. Hussain
Christian M. Julien
author_sort Boddu Haritha
collection DOAJ
description Nanomaterials have attracted significant attention in recent decades for their diverse applications, including energy storage devices like supercapacitors. Among these, cobalt oxide (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanostructures stand out due to their high theoretical capacitance, unique electrical properties, and tunable morphology. This study explores the hydrothermal synthesis of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, revealing that the molar ratio of cobalt nitrate to potassium hydroxide significantly influences the morphology, crystal structure, and electrochemical performance. An optimized 1:1 molar ratio (COK 11) yielded well-defined cubic nanostructures with uniform elemental distribution, as confirmed by SEM, TEM, and EDS analyses. Structural characterization through XRD, XPS, and FTIR validated the formation of the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel phase with distinctive lattice and surface oxygen features. Electrochemical property analysis demonstrated the superior performance of the COK 11 electrode, achieving a high specific capacity of 825 ± 3 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, a rate capability of 56.88%, and excellent cycle stability of 88% at 3 A/g after 10,000 cycles. These properties are attributed to the nano-cubic morphology and interconnected porosity, which enhanced ion transport and active surface area. This study highlights the importance of synthesis parameters in tailoring nanomaterials for energy storage, establishing COK 11 as a promising candidate for next-generation high-performance supercapacitor applications.
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spelling doaj-art-ff04fe58e45642d0b776d90d80efe5b72025-08-20T01:48:58ZengMDPI AGPhyschem2673-71672025-03-01511110.3390/physchem5010011Morphological Engineering of Battery-Type Cobalt Oxide Electrodes for High-Performance SupercapacitorsBoddu Haritha0Mudda Deepak1Obili M. Hussain2Christian M. Julien3Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, IndiaThin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, IndiaThin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, IndiaInstitut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmologie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, FranceNanomaterials have attracted significant attention in recent decades for their diverse applications, including energy storage devices like supercapacitors. Among these, cobalt oxide (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanostructures stand out due to their high theoretical capacitance, unique electrical properties, and tunable morphology. This study explores the hydrothermal synthesis of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, revealing that the molar ratio of cobalt nitrate to potassium hydroxide significantly influences the morphology, crystal structure, and electrochemical performance. An optimized 1:1 molar ratio (COK 11) yielded well-defined cubic nanostructures with uniform elemental distribution, as confirmed by SEM, TEM, and EDS analyses. Structural characterization through XRD, XPS, and FTIR validated the formation of the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel phase with distinctive lattice and surface oxygen features. Electrochemical property analysis demonstrated the superior performance of the COK 11 electrode, achieving a high specific capacity of 825 ± 3 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, a rate capability of 56.88%, and excellent cycle stability of 88% at 3 A/g after 10,000 cycles. These properties are attributed to the nano-cubic morphology and interconnected porosity, which enhanced ion transport and active surface area. This study highlights the importance of synthesis parameters in tailoring nanomaterials for energy storage, establishing COK 11 as a promising candidate for next-generation high-performance supercapacitor applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7167/5/1/11Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocubeshydrothermal methodspecific capacitancemorphologysupercapacitors
spellingShingle Boddu Haritha
Mudda Deepak
Obili M. Hussain
Christian M. Julien
Morphological Engineering of Battery-Type Cobalt Oxide Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors
Physchem
Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocubes
hydrothermal method
specific capacitance
morphology
supercapacitors
title Morphological Engineering of Battery-Type Cobalt Oxide Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors
title_full Morphological Engineering of Battery-Type Cobalt Oxide Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors
title_fullStr Morphological Engineering of Battery-Type Cobalt Oxide Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors
title_full_unstemmed Morphological Engineering of Battery-Type Cobalt Oxide Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors
title_short Morphological Engineering of Battery-Type Cobalt Oxide Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors
title_sort morphological engineering of battery type cobalt oxide electrodes for high performance supercapacitors
topic Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocubes
hydrothermal method
specific capacitance
morphology
supercapacitors
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7167/5/1/11
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AT muddadeepak morphologicalengineeringofbatterytypecobaltoxideelectrodesforhighperformancesupercapacitors
AT obilimhussain morphologicalengineeringofbatterytypecobaltoxideelectrodesforhighperformancesupercapacitors
AT christianmjulien morphologicalengineeringofbatterytypecobaltoxideelectrodesforhighperformancesupercapacitors