Rapid development of neurological infection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus following schistosomiasis: A case report

Abstract HIV‐1 and schistosomal infections present significant global health challenges, and neurological manifestations of these pathogens are easily misdiagnosed due to their rarity. Here, we report the case of a 36‐year‐old patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who was initially diagnos...

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Main Authors: Yan Liu, Guoqiang Zhou, Wei Jiang, Xianglong Kong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-12-01
Series:iLabmed
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.54
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author Yan Liu
Guoqiang Zhou
Wei Jiang
Xianglong Kong
author_facet Yan Liu
Guoqiang Zhou
Wei Jiang
Xianglong Kong
author_sort Yan Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract HIV‐1 and schistosomal infections present significant global health challenges, and neurological manifestations of these pathogens are easily misdiagnosed due to their rarity. Here, we report the case of a 36‐year‐old patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who was initially diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) infection 4 years earlier, although untreated for approximately 3 years until he began antiretroviral therapy (ART) following a tuberculosis diagnosis and hospitalization. Despite achieving virological suppression of HIV‐1 1 year after ART, he was readmitted with high fever and headache. Initial therapy for suspected tuberculosis based on clinical performance and brain imaging features failed, and further investigation confirmed an intracranial infection caused by schistosomiasis. Following anti‐schistosomal treatment and optimized ART, the patient recovered fully and was discharged. This case of a patient in Asia infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who rapidly developed a neurological infection subsequent to acquiring schistosomiasis highlights the need for awareness of such coinfections in patients with HIV.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2834-443X
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spelling doaj-art-ff02f88db93a453bb99e6e81908efded2025-08-20T03:40:50ZengWileyiLabmed2834-443X2834-44482024-12-012431632210.1002/ila2.54Rapid development of neurological infection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus following schistosomiasis: A case reportYan Liu0Guoqiang Zhou1Wei Jiang2Xianglong Kong3Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology First Hospital of Changsha Changsha Hunan ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Immunology First Hospital of Changsha Changsha Hunan ChinaDepartment of Neurological Medicine First Hospital of Changsha Changsha Hunan ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine First Hospital of Changsha Changsha Hunan ChinaAbstract HIV‐1 and schistosomal infections present significant global health challenges, and neurological manifestations of these pathogens are easily misdiagnosed due to their rarity. Here, we report the case of a 36‐year‐old patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who was initially diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) infection 4 years earlier, although untreated for approximately 3 years until he began antiretroviral therapy (ART) following a tuberculosis diagnosis and hospitalization. Despite achieving virological suppression of HIV‐1 1 year after ART, he was readmitted with high fever and headache. Initial therapy for suspected tuberculosis based on clinical performance and brain imaging features failed, and further investigation confirmed an intracranial infection caused by schistosomiasis. Following anti‐schistosomal treatment and optimized ART, the patient recovered fully and was discharged. This case of a patient in Asia infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who rapidly developed a neurological infection subsequent to acquiring schistosomiasis highlights the need for awareness of such coinfections in patients with HIV.https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.54case reportsHIV‐1neuroschistosomiasisschistosomiasis
spellingShingle Yan Liu
Guoqiang Zhou
Wei Jiang
Xianglong Kong
Rapid development of neurological infection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus following schistosomiasis: A case report
iLabmed
case reports
HIV‐1
neuroschistosomiasis
schistosomiasis
title Rapid development of neurological infection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus following schistosomiasis: A case report
title_full Rapid development of neurological infection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus following schistosomiasis: A case report
title_fullStr Rapid development of neurological infection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus following schistosomiasis: A case report
title_full_unstemmed Rapid development of neurological infection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus following schistosomiasis: A case report
title_short Rapid development of neurological infection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus following schistosomiasis: A case report
title_sort rapid development of neurological infection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus following schistosomiasis a case report
topic case reports
HIV‐1
neuroschistosomiasis
schistosomiasis
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.54
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AT xianglongkong rapiddevelopmentofneurologicalinfectioninapatientwithhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusfollowingschistosomiasisacasereport