Influence of Land-Use Type on Black Soil Features in Indonesia Based on Soil Survey Data

Black soils refer to soils with black, thick upper layers containing 0.6% or more soil organic carbon in the tropical region. This high organic carbon content makes these soils essential for climate change control and food production. In Indonesia, black soils are found under forests, shrublands, an...

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Main Authors: Yiyi Sulaeman, Eni Maftuáh, Sukarman Sukarman, Risma Neswati, Nurdin Nurdin, Tony Basuki, Ahmad Suriadi, Ivan Vasenev
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Land
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/3/599
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author Yiyi Sulaeman
Eni Maftuáh
Sukarman Sukarman
Risma Neswati
Nurdin Nurdin
Tony Basuki
Ahmad Suriadi
Ivan Vasenev
author_facet Yiyi Sulaeman
Eni Maftuáh
Sukarman Sukarman
Risma Neswati
Nurdin Nurdin
Tony Basuki
Ahmad Suriadi
Ivan Vasenev
author_sort Yiyi Sulaeman
collection DOAJ
description Black soils refer to soils with black, thick upper layers containing 0.6% or more soil organic carbon in the tropical region. This high organic carbon content makes these soils essential for climate change control and food production. In Indonesia, black soils are found under forests, shrublands, and grasslands in tropical monsoon and savannah climates. Land clearing for agricultural uses will change black soil properties; however, knowledge of change (level, direction, and sensitivity) is limited. Meanwhile, soil surveying records land-use types and collects soil samples, resulting in voluminous legacy soil data. This study aimed to compare the mean difference in soil properties between two land-cover/use types. We used 142 black soil datasets containing legacy data on particle size distribution (sand, silt, clay), pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (AP), and exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na). We calculated the Hedges’s g-index for effect size assessment and performed a Welch’s <i>t</i>-test for significant differences. The results show that, compared to the forest, the agricultural dryland and monoculture home gardens have a large effect size and trigger changes in many soil properties. In contrast, mixed home gardens and paddy fields have a small effect size. In decreasing order, the black soil properties sensitive to change are TN > SOC = exchangeable K > exchangeable Mg = available phosphorus = pH = exchangeable Na > sand = silt = clay > exchangeable Ca. The results suggest that a combination of home gardens and paddy fields better supports food security and mitigates climate change in black soils. In addition, the legacy soil data can be used to monitor soil property changes.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2073-445X
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spelling doaj-art-feec55b37e964792b910b890962174362025-08-20T03:43:34ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2025-03-0114359910.3390/land14030599Influence of Land-Use Type on Black Soil Features in Indonesia Based on Soil Survey DataYiyi Sulaeman0Eni Maftuáh1Sukarman Sukarman2Risma Neswati3Nurdin Nurdin4Tony Basuki5Ahmad Suriadi6Ivan Vasenev7Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, IndonesiaResearch Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, IndonesiaResearch Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Soil Science, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi, IndonesiaDepartment of Agrotechnology, State University of Gorontalo, Jalan Prof. Dr. Ing. B.J. Habibie, Gorontalo 96554, Gorontalo, IndonesiaResearch Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, IndonesiaResearch Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Ecology, Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya Ulitsa, 49, Moscow 127550, RussiaBlack soils refer to soils with black, thick upper layers containing 0.6% or more soil organic carbon in the tropical region. This high organic carbon content makes these soils essential for climate change control and food production. In Indonesia, black soils are found under forests, shrublands, and grasslands in tropical monsoon and savannah climates. Land clearing for agricultural uses will change black soil properties; however, knowledge of change (level, direction, and sensitivity) is limited. Meanwhile, soil surveying records land-use types and collects soil samples, resulting in voluminous legacy soil data. This study aimed to compare the mean difference in soil properties between two land-cover/use types. We used 142 black soil datasets containing legacy data on particle size distribution (sand, silt, clay), pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (AP), and exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na). We calculated the Hedges’s g-index for effect size assessment and performed a Welch’s <i>t</i>-test for significant differences. The results show that, compared to the forest, the agricultural dryland and monoculture home gardens have a large effect size and trigger changes in many soil properties. In contrast, mixed home gardens and paddy fields have a small effect size. In decreasing order, the black soil properties sensitive to change are TN > SOC = exchangeable K > exchangeable Mg = available phosphorus = pH = exchangeable Na > sand = silt = clay > exchangeable Ca. The results suggest that a combination of home gardens and paddy fields better supports food security and mitigates climate change in black soils. In addition, the legacy soil data can be used to monitor soil property changes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/3/599black soilclimate changeeffect sizeland usesoil properties
spellingShingle Yiyi Sulaeman
Eni Maftuáh
Sukarman Sukarman
Risma Neswati
Nurdin Nurdin
Tony Basuki
Ahmad Suriadi
Ivan Vasenev
Influence of Land-Use Type on Black Soil Features in Indonesia Based on Soil Survey Data
Land
black soil
climate change
effect size
land use
soil properties
title Influence of Land-Use Type on Black Soil Features in Indonesia Based on Soil Survey Data
title_full Influence of Land-Use Type on Black Soil Features in Indonesia Based on Soil Survey Data
title_fullStr Influence of Land-Use Type on Black Soil Features in Indonesia Based on Soil Survey Data
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Land-Use Type on Black Soil Features in Indonesia Based on Soil Survey Data
title_short Influence of Land-Use Type on Black Soil Features in Indonesia Based on Soil Survey Data
title_sort influence of land use type on black soil features in indonesia based on soil survey data
topic black soil
climate change
effect size
land use
soil properties
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/3/599
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