Hampered AMPK-ULK1 cascade in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) instigates mitochondria dysfunctions and AD-related alterations which are alleviated by metformin

Abstract The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream effector Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) represent a key cellular signaling node, the alteration of which likely contribute to AD development. This study investigated the AMPK-ULK1 pathway activa...

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Main Authors: Arnaud Mary, Samantha Barale, Fanny Eysert, Audrey Valverde, Sandra Lacas-Gervais, Charlotte Bauer, Sabiha Eddarkaoui, Luc Buée, Valérie Buée-Scherrer, Frédéric Checler, Mounia Chami
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-025-01772-0
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author Arnaud Mary
Samantha Barale
Fanny Eysert
Audrey Valverde
Sandra Lacas-Gervais
Charlotte Bauer
Sabiha Eddarkaoui
Luc Buée
Valérie Buée-Scherrer
Frédéric Checler
Mounia Chami
author_facet Arnaud Mary
Samantha Barale
Fanny Eysert
Audrey Valverde
Sandra Lacas-Gervais
Charlotte Bauer
Sabiha Eddarkaoui
Luc Buée
Valérie Buée-Scherrer
Frédéric Checler
Mounia Chami
author_sort Arnaud Mary
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream effector Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) represent a key cellular signaling node, the alteration of which likely contribute to AD development. This study investigated the AMPK-ULK1 pathway activation state in AD and the impact of its modulation on mitochondria structure and function as well as on AD-related alterations. We show in human sporadic AD and 3xTgAD mice brains a defective activating phosphorylation of ULK1 despite the active phosphorylation of AMPK. In addition, we reported defective p-AMPK and p-ULK1 in cells expressing the amyloid precursor protein with the familial Swedish mutation. We then show that the antidiabetic metformin (Met) drug-mediated AMPK-ULK1 cascade activation alleviates structural and functional mitochondrial abnormalities in AD cells and mice brains. Furthermore, in the 3xTgAD brains, it reduces the early accumulation of APP C-terminal fragments (APP-CTFs) as well as amyloid beta (Aβ) burden, microgliosis and astrogliosis occurring at a later disease stage. AMPK-ULK1 activation increases the localization of APP-CTFs within cathepsin D-positive lysosomal compartments and the recruitment of Iba1+ cells to Aβ plaques in vivo and enhances cathepsin D activity and phagocytic activity of microglia in vitro. Additionally, AMPK-ULK1 activation normalizes dendritic spine morphology in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures modeling AD and alleviates learning deficit in symptomatic 3xTgAD mice. Our study demonstrates potential therapeutic benefits of targeting AMPK-ULK1 cascade to reverse both early and late AD-related alterations, deserving further investigation in fundamental research and in human clinical studies.
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spelling doaj-art-feeab8d729d74cfe8d3b0bea3755b5052025-08-20T03:25:16ZengBMCAlzheimer’s Research & Therapy1758-91932025-06-0117112110.1186/s13195-025-01772-0Hampered AMPK-ULK1 cascade in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) instigates mitochondria dysfunctions and AD-related alterations which are alleviated by metforminArnaud Mary0Samantha Barale1Fanny Eysert2Audrey Valverde3Sandra Lacas-Gervais4Charlotte Bauer5Sabiha Eddarkaoui6Luc Buée7Valérie Buée-Scherrer8Frédéric Checler9Mounia Chami10Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, CNRSInstitute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, CNRSInstitute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, CNRSInstitute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, CNRSUniversité Côte d’Azur, Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée (CCMA)Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, CNRSUniversité Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille , Lille Neuroscience and CognitionUniversité Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille , Lille Neuroscience and CognitionUniversité Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille , Lille Neuroscience and CognitionInstitute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, CNRSInstitute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Laboratory of Excellence DistALZ, Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, CNRSAbstract The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream effector Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) represent a key cellular signaling node, the alteration of which likely contribute to AD development. This study investigated the AMPK-ULK1 pathway activation state in AD and the impact of its modulation on mitochondria structure and function as well as on AD-related alterations. We show in human sporadic AD and 3xTgAD mice brains a defective activating phosphorylation of ULK1 despite the active phosphorylation of AMPK. In addition, we reported defective p-AMPK and p-ULK1 in cells expressing the amyloid precursor protein with the familial Swedish mutation. We then show that the antidiabetic metformin (Met) drug-mediated AMPK-ULK1 cascade activation alleviates structural and functional mitochondrial abnormalities in AD cells and mice brains. Furthermore, in the 3xTgAD brains, it reduces the early accumulation of APP C-terminal fragments (APP-CTFs) as well as amyloid beta (Aβ) burden, microgliosis and astrogliosis occurring at a later disease stage. AMPK-ULK1 activation increases the localization of APP-CTFs within cathepsin D-positive lysosomal compartments and the recruitment of Iba1+ cells to Aβ plaques in vivo and enhances cathepsin D activity and phagocytic activity of microglia in vitro. Additionally, AMPK-ULK1 activation normalizes dendritic spine morphology in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures modeling AD and alleviates learning deficit in symptomatic 3xTgAD mice. Our study demonstrates potential therapeutic benefits of targeting AMPK-ULK1 cascade to reverse both early and late AD-related alterations, deserving further investigation in fundamental research and in human clinical studies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-025-01772-0Alzheimer’s diseaseMitochondriaInflammationAD mice modelAMPKULK1
spellingShingle Arnaud Mary
Samantha Barale
Fanny Eysert
Audrey Valverde
Sandra Lacas-Gervais
Charlotte Bauer
Sabiha Eddarkaoui
Luc Buée
Valérie Buée-Scherrer
Frédéric Checler
Mounia Chami
Hampered AMPK-ULK1 cascade in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) instigates mitochondria dysfunctions and AD-related alterations which are alleviated by metformin
Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy
Alzheimer’s disease
Mitochondria
Inflammation
AD mice model
AMPK
ULK1
title Hampered AMPK-ULK1 cascade in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) instigates mitochondria dysfunctions and AD-related alterations which are alleviated by metformin
title_full Hampered AMPK-ULK1 cascade in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) instigates mitochondria dysfunctions and AD-related alterations which are alleviated by metformin
title_fullStr Hampered AMPK-ULK1 cascade in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) instigates mitochondria dysfunctions and AD-related alterations which are alleviated by metformin
title_full_unstemmed Hampered AMPK-ULK1 cascade in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) instigates mitochondria dysfunctions and AD-related alterations which are alleviated by metformin
title_short Hampered AMPK-ULK1 cascade in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) instigates mitochondria dysfunctions and AD-related alterations which are alleviated by metformin
title_sort hampered ampk ulk1 cascade in alzheimer s disease ad instigates mitochondria dysfunctions and ad related alterations which are alleviated by metformin
topic Alzheimer’s disease
Mitochondria
Inflammation
AD mice model
AMPK
ULK1
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-025-01772-0
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