High-performance dual-mode extended SWIR photodetector based on p-WSe2/graphene/n-Ge p-g-n heterostructure

Mixed-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures based on two-dimensional materials and three-dimensional semiconductors not only offer high-quality interfaces and flexible tunable band alignments but also exhibit excellent compatibility with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) tech...

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Main Authors: Haokun Ding, Xinyue Zhang, Long Zhang, Guangyang Lin, Cheng Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIP Publishing LLC 2025-04-01
Series:APL Materials
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0237800
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author Haokun Ding
Xinyue Zhang
Long Zhang
Guangyang Lin
Cheng Li
author_facet Haokun Ding
Xinyue Zhang
Long Zhang
Guangyang Lin
Cheng Li
author_sort Haokun Ding
collection DOAJ
description Mixed-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures based on two-dimensional materials and three-dimensional semiconductors not only offer high-quality interfaces and flexible tunable band alignments but also exhibit excellent compatibility with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. These attributes make such heterostructures particularly promising for developing broadband, high-sensitivity, and high-speed photodetectors. In this work, we demonstrate a high-performance broadband photodetector based on a p-WSe2/graphene (Gr)/n-Ge p-g-n vdW heterostructure, capable of operating across the 400–2400 nm wavelength range, which can be switched between photodiode (PD) and heterojunction phototransistor (HPT). The shortwave infrared response range is extended to 2400 nm through photoemission between Gr and the conduction band of the p-WSe2/n-Ge heterojunction. The device has higher responsivity in PD mode while responding faster with lower dark current in HPT mode. In PD mode, the device exhibits enhanced responsivity due to carrier multiplication in Gr facilitated by the built-in electric field and the photogating effect from the interface of heterojunction, yielding responsivities of 652 and 275 A W−1 at 405 and 1550 nm, respectively. In HPT mode, the forward-biased vdW heterojunction emitter generates significant photocurrent gain due to a high hole/electron injection ratio, while the n-Ge/Pt Schottky barrier collector effectively suppresses the dark current. The remarkable responsivity of 11 and 118 A W−1 with fast response times of 150 and 210 µs is achieved at 405 and 1550 nm, respectively. These tunable operation modes offer versatility for various application scenarios. In addition, the proposed structure provides an alternative strategy for developing high-performance, low-cost, and CMOS compatible broadband photodetectors.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2166-532X
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publisher AIP Publishing LLC
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spelling doaj-art-fed192f2cab740139f597df73fc2a1332025-08-20T03:48:42ZengAIP Publishing LLCAPL Materials2166-532X2025-04-01134041107041107-1210.1063/5.0237800High-performance dual-mode extended SWIR photodetector based on p-WSe2/graphene/n-Ge p-g-n heterostructureHaokun Ding0Xinyue Zhang1Long Zhang2Guangyang Lin3Cheng Li4Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, ChinaMixed-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures based on two-dimensional materials and three-dimensional semiconductors not only offer high-quality interfaces and flexible tunable band alignments but also exhibit excellent compatibility with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. These attributes make such heterostructures particularly promising for developing broadband, high-sensitivity, and high-speed photodetectors. In this work, we demonstrate a high-performance broadband photodetector based on a p-WSe2/graphene (Gr)/n-Ge p-g-n vdW heterostructure, capable of operating across the 400–2400 nm wavelength range, which can be switched between photodiode (PD) and heterojunction phototransistor (HPT). The shortwave infrared response range is extended to 2400 nm through photoemission between Gr and the conduction band of the p-WSe2/n-Ge heterojunction. The device has higher responsivity in PD mode while responding faster with lower dark current in HPT mode. In PD mode, the device exhibits enhanced responsivity due to carrier multiplication in Gr facilitated by the built-in electric field and the photogating effect from the interface of heterojunction, yielding responsivities of 652 and 275 A W−1 at 405 and 1550 nm, respectively. In HPT mode, the forward-biased vdW heterojunction emitter generates significant photocurrent gain due to a high hole/electron injection ratio, while the n-Ge/Pt Schottky barrier collector effectively suppresses the dark current. The remarkable responsivity of 11 and 118 A W−1 with fast response times of 150 and 210 µs is achieved at 405 and 1550 nm, respectively. These tunable operation modes offer versatility for various application scenarios. In addition, the proposed structure provides an alternative strategy for developing high-performance, low-cost, and CMOS compatible broadband photodetectors.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0237800
spellingShingle Haokun Ding
Xinyue Zhang
Long Zhang
Guangyang Lin
Cheng Li
High-performance dual-mode extended SWIR photodetector based on p-WSe2/graphene/n-Ge p-g-n heterostructure
APL Materials
title High-performance dual-mode extended SWIR photodetector based on p-WSe2/graphene/n-Ge p-g-n heterostructure
title_full High-performance dual-mode extended SWIR photodetector based on p-WSe2/graphene/n-Ge p-g-n heterostructure
title_fullStr High-performance dual-mode extended SWIR photodetector based on p-WSe2/graphene/n-Ge p-g-n heterostructure
title_full_unstemmed High-performance dual-mode extended SWIR photodetector based on p-WSe2/graphene/n-Ge p-g-n heterostructure
title_short High-performance dual-mode extended SWIR photodetector based on p-WSe2/graphene/n-Ge p-g-n heterostructure
title_sort high performance dual mode extended swir photodetector based on p wse2 graphene n ge p g n heterostructure
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0237800
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