The Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Microstructure and Performance of Cold-Rolled High-Conductivity and High-Strength Steel

Low-carbon micro-alloyed steel has become a wire material with great potential for further development due to its excellent comprehensive performance; however, there is still a lack of insight into the evolution of its electrical conductivity during annealing treatment after undergoing deformation....

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Main Authors: Shuhai Ge, Xiaolong Zhao, Weilian Zhou, Xueming Xu, Xingchang Tang, Junqiang Ren, Jiahe Zhang, Yaoxian Yi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Crystals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/5/469
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Summary:Low-carbon micro-alloyed steel has become a wire material with great potential for further development due to its excellent comprehensive performance; however, there is still a lack of insight into the evolution of its electrical conductivity during annealing treatment after undergoing deformation. In this present contribution, we systematically explored the intrinsic correlation between the microstructural characteristics (including grain size evolution, dislocation density change, etc.) and performance indexes of cold-rolled high-conductivity high-strength steels and their mechanisms, using the annealing temperature, a key process parameter, as a variable. Characterization methods were used to comprehensively investigate the variation rule of the electrical conductivity of low-carbon micro-alloyed steels containing Ti-Nb elements under different annealing temperatures, as well as their influencing factors. The results show that for the ultra-low-carbon steel (0.002% C), the dislocation density continuously decreases with the increasing annealing temperature. Both experimental steels underwent complete recrystallization at 600 °C, with grain growth increasing at higher temperatures (with ultra-low-carbon steel being finer than low-carbon steel (0.075% C)). Dislocation density in ultra-low-carbon steel decreased steadily, whereas low-carbon steel exhibited an initial decline followed by an increase due to carbon-rich precipitate pinning. The yield ratio decreased with the annealing temperature, with optimal performance being at 700 °C for ultra-low-carbon steel (lowest resistivity: 13.75 μΩ/cm) and 800 °C for low-carbon steel (best conductivity: 14.66 μΩ/cm). Yield strength in ultra-low-carbon steel was dominated by grain and precipitation strengthening, while low-carbon steel relied more on precipitation and solid solution strengthening. Resistivity analysis confirmed that controlled precipitate size enhances conductivity.
ISSN:2073-4352