Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Hypertension exacerbates cardiovascular risks in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), necessitating effective blood pressure (BP) management. Vitamin D deficiency is common in T1DM patients and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Th...

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Main Authors: Rasoul Ebrahimi, Mohammad Mahdi Masouri, Amir Abbas Salehi Amniyeh Khozani, Sana Mohammad Soltani, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Health Science Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70524
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author Rasoul Ebrahimi
Mohammad Mahdi Masouri
Amir Abbas Salehi Amniyeh Khozani
Sana Mohammad Soltani
Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
author_facet Rasoul Ebrahimi
Mohammad Mahdi Masouri
Amir Abbas Salehi Amniyeh Khozani
Sana Mohammad Soltani
Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
author_sort Rasoul Ebrahimi
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background and Aims Hypertension exacerbates cardiovascular risks in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), necessitating effective blood pressure (BP) management. Vitamin D deficiency is common in T1DM patients and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on BP in T1DM patients. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched until March 2024. Clinical trials reported BP outcomes in patients with T1DM after vitamin D supplementation were included. Other types of studies and studies that did not report BP outcomes and those that had populations other than patients with T1DM were excluded. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) tool was used for the risk of bias assessment. Results In total, eight studies, involving 328 participants, were included in this review. They were conducted between 2014 and 2024, with mostly conducted in Brazil (n = 5). While one study demonstrated a significant reduction in morning systolic and diastolic BP after vitamin D supplementation, five studies found no significant differences in systolic or diastolic BP. Another study noted a significant reduction in morning systolic and diastolic BP, with no significant changes in 24‐h ambulatory monitoring. Also, paricalcitol therapy did not significantly reduce systolic and diastolic ambulatory BP compared to placebo. Conclusion The current evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure in patients with T1DM remains inconclusive. Nonetheless, more randomized controlled studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up durations are essential to establish the association between vitamin D and BP in this population.
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spelling doaj-art-feadff7df95f41f6b4881b73ce6f181d2025-08-20T01:50:26ZengWileyHealth Science Reports2398-88352025-03-0183n/an/a10.1002/hsr2.70524Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Clinical TrialsRasoul Ebrahimi0Mohammad Mahdi Masouri1Amir Abbas Salehi Amniyeh Khozani2Sana Mohammad Soltani3Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi4School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran IranSchool of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran IranSchool of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran IranSchool of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran IranHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman IranABSTRACT Background and Aims Hypertension exacerbates cardiovascular risks in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), necessitating effective blood pressure (BP) management. Vitamin D deficiency is common in T1DM patients and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on BP in T1DM patients. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched until March 2024. Clinical trials reported BP outcomes in patients with T1DM after vitamin D supplementation were included. Other types of studies and studies that did not report BP outcomes and those that had populations other than patients with T1DM were excluded. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) tool was used for the risk of bias assessment. Results In total, eight studies, involving 328 participants, were included in this review. They were conducted between 2014 and 2024, with mostly conducted in Brazil (n = 5). While one study demonstrated a significant reduction in morning systolic and diastolic BP after vitamin D supplementation, five studies found no significant differences in systolic or diastolic BP. Another study noted a significant reduction in morning systolic and diastolic BP, with no significant changes in 24‐h ambulatory monitoring. Also, paricalcitol therapy did not significantly reduce systolic and diastolic ambulatory BP compared to placebo. Conclusion The current evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure in patients with T1DM remains inconclusive. Nonetheless, more randomized controlled studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up durations are essential to establish the association between vitamin D and BP in this population.https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70524blood pressurediabetes mellitushypertensionsystematic reviewtype 1vitamin D
spellingShingle Rasoul Ebrahimi
Mohammad Mahdi Masouri
Amir Abbas Salehi Amniyeh Khozani
Sana Mohammad Soltani
Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
Health Science Reports
blood pressure
diabetes mellitus
hypertension
systematic review
type 1
vitamin D
title Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
title_full Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
title_fullStr Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
title_short Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
title_sort effects of vitamin d supplementation on blood pressure in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus a systematic review of clinical trials
topic blood pressure
diabetes mellitus
hypertension
systematic review
type 1
vitamin D
url https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70524
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