Thalamic ventrobasal stimulation for pain relief: probable mechanisms, pathways and neurotransmitters
Thalamic ventrobasal (VB) stimulation, first performed by Mazars, in 1961, is a valuable means for treating central and deafferentation pain. The way it acts to achieve pain relief, however, is still a matter of controversy. In this paper, the author examines previously proposed hypotheses and sugge...
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Thieme Revinter Publicações
1994-12-01
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| Series: | Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria |
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| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X1994000400022&lng=en&tlng=en |
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| _version_ | 1849468765386833920 |
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| author | Osvaldo Vilela Filho |
| author_facet | Osvaldo Vilela Filho |
| author_sort | Osvaldo Vilela Filho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thalamic ventrobasal (VB) stimulation, first performed by Mazars, in 1961, is a valuable means for treating central and deafferentation pain. The way it acts to achieve pain relief, however, is still a matter of controversy. In this paper, the author examines previously proposed hypotheses and suggests that VB stimulation induces pain relief by activation of a multisynaptyic inhibitory pathway to the medial thalamus, in which the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system exerts an important role and by modulation of abnormal activity in VB itself. The multisynaptic pathway involved, as well as the neurotransmitters, are suggested: VB stimulation excites somatosensory cortex through the glutaminergic thalamocortical pathway, which in turn, sends excitatory glutaminergic axons to the motor cortex. The sensorymotor cortex originates the excitatory glutaminergic corticostriatal pathway to the anterior putamen. The anterior putamen sends excitatory peptidergic (substance P) pathways to the globus pallidus interims (striatopallidal pathway) and to the substantia nigra reticulata (striatonigral pathway). The globus pallidus interims inhibits the medial thalamus through the pallidothalamic GABAergic pathway. The substantia nigra reticulata sends inhibitory GABAergic projections to the medial thalamus (nigrothalamic pathway) and excites the substantia nigra compacta. The substantia nigra compacta projects excitatory dopaminergic axons to the striatal neurons (nigrostriatal pathway) with output to the globus pallidus internus and substantia nigra reticulata and so on. Data to support this hypothesis are provided by an extensive review of the literature. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fe9e2809ce114e06813f7bacd3a2abe5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1678-4227 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 1994-12-01 |
| publisher | Thieme Revinter Publicações |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria |
| spelling | doaj-art-fe9e2809ce114e06813f7bacd3a2abe52025-08-20T03:25:46ZengThieme Revinter PublicaçõesArquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria1678-42271994-12-0152457858410.1590/S0004-282X1994000400022S0004-282X1994000400022Thalamic ventrobasal stimulation for pain relief: probable mechanisms, pathways and neurotransmittersOsvaldo Vilela FilhoThalamic ventrobasal (VB) stimulation, first performed by Mazars, in 1961, is a valuable means for treating central and deafferentation pain. The way it acts to achieve pain relief, however, is still a matter of controversy. In this paper, the author examines previously proposed hypotheses and suggests that VB stimulation induces pain relief by activation of a multisynaptyic inhibitory pathway to the medial thalamus, in which the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system exerts an important role and by modulation of abnormal activity in VB itself. The multisynaptic pathway involved, as well as the neurotransmitters, are suggested: VB stimulation excites somatosensory cortex through the glutaminergic thalamocortical pathway, which in turn, sends excitatory glutaminergic axons to the motor cortex. The sensorymotor cortex originates the excitatory glutaminergic corticostriatal pathway to the anterior putamen. The anterior putamen sends excitatory peptidergic (substance P) pathways to the globus pallidus interims (striatopallidal pathway) and to the substantia nigra reticulata (striatonigral pathway). The globus pallidus interims inhibits the medial thalamus through the pallidothalamic GABAergic pathway. The substantia nigra reticulata sends inhibitory GABAergic projections to the medial thalamus (nigrothalamic pathway) and excites the substantia nigra compacta. The substantia nigra compacta projects excitatory dopaminergic axons to the striatal neurons (nigrostriatal pathway) with output to the globus pallidus internus and substantia nigra reticulata and so on. Data to support this hypothesis are provided by an extensive review of the literature.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X1994000400022&lng=en&tlng=endoranalgesiaestimulação elétricanúcleos talâmicostálamocórtex cerebralgânglios da baseneurotransmissores |
| spellingShingle | Osvaldo Vilela Filho Thalamic ventrobasal stimulation for pain relief: probable mechanisms, pathways and neurotransmitters Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria dor analgesia estimulação elétrica núcleos talâmicos tálamo córtex cerebral gânglios da base neurotransmissores |
| title | Thalamic ventrobasal stimulation for pain relief: probable mechanisms, pathways and neurotransmitters |
| title_full | Thalamic ventrobasal stimulation for pain relief: probable mechanisms, pathways and neurotransmitters |
| title_fullStr | Thalamic ventrobasal stimulation for pain relief: probable mechanisms, pathways and neurotransmitters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thalamic ventrobasal stimulation for pain relief: probable mechanisms, pathways and neurotransmitters |
| title_short | Thalamic ventrobasal stimulation for pain relief: probable mechanisms, pathways and neurotransmitters |
| title_sort | thalamic ventrobasal stimulation for pain relief probable mechanisms pathways and neurotransmitters |
| topic | dor analgesia estimulação elétrica núcleos talâmicos tálamo córtex cerebral gânglios da base neurotransmissores |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X1994000400022&lng=en&tlng=en |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT osvaldovilelafilho thalamicventrobasalstimulationforpainreliefprobablemechanismspathwaysandneurotransmitters |