Functional role of the biofilm regulator CsgD in Salmonella enterica sv. Typhi

IntroductionTyphoid fever is an infectious disease primarily caused by Salmonella enterica sv. Typhi (S. Typhi), a bacterium that causes as many as 20 million infections and 600,000 deaths annually. Asymptomatic chronic carriers of S. Typhi play a major role in the transmission of typhoid fever, as...

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Main Authors: Juan F. González, Baileigh Laipply, Victoria A. Sadowski, Matthew Price, John S. Gunn
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1478488/full
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author Juan F. González
Juan F. González
Baileigh Laipply
Baileigh Laipply
Victoria A. Sadowski
Victoria A. Sadowski
Matthew Price
Matthew Price
John S. Gunn
John S. Gunn
John S. Gunn
author_facet Juan F. González
Juan F. González
Baileigh Laipply
Baileigh Laipply
Victoria A. Sadowski
Victoria A. Sadowski
Matthew Price
Matthew Price
John S. Gunn
John S. Gunn
John S. Gunn
author_sort Juan F. González
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionTyphoid fever is an infectious disease primarily caused by Salmonella enterica sv. Typhi (S. Typhi), a bacterium that causes as many as 20 million infections and 600,000 deaths annually. Asymptomatic chronic carriers of S. Typhi play a major role in the transmission of typhoid fever, as they intermittently shed the bacteria and can unknowingly infect humans in close proximity. An estimated 90% of chronic carriers have gallstones; biofilm formation on gallstones is a primary factor in the establishment and maintenance of gallbladder carriage. CsgD is a central biofilm regulator in Salmonella, but the S. Typhi csgD gene has a mutation that introduces an early stop codon, resulting in a protein truncated by 8 amino acids at the C-terminus. In this study, we investigate the role of role of CsgD in S. Typhi. MethodsWe introduced a fully functional copy of the csgD gene from S. Typhimurium into S. Typhi under both a native and a constitutive promoter and tested for red, dry, and rough (Rdar) colony morphology, curli fimbriae, cellulose, and biofilm formation. Results and discussionWe demonstrate that although CsgD-regulated curli and cellulose production were partially restored, the introduction of the S. Typhimurium csgD did not induce the Rdar colony morphology. Interestingly, we show that CsgD does not have a significant role in S. Typhi biofilm formation, as biofilm-forming capacities depend more on the isolate than the CsgD regulator. This data suggests the presence of an alternative biofilm regulatory process in this human-restricted pathogen.
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spelling doaj-art-fe8e3e1317554c33b33a33d9486d46ea2025-08-20T02:48:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882024-12-011410.3389/fcimb.2024.14784881478488Functional role of the biofilm regulator CsgD in Salmonella enterica sv. TyphiJuan F. González0Juan F. González1Baileigh Laipply2Baileigh Laipply3Victoria A. Sadowski4Victoria A. Sadowski5Matthew Price6Matthew Price7John S. Gunn8John S. Gunn9John S. Gunn10Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United StatesInfectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesCenter for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United StatesInfectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesCenter for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United StatesInfectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesCenter for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United StatesInfectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesCenter for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United StatesInfectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesIntroductionTyphoid fever is an infectious disease primarily caused by Salmonella enterica sv. Typhi (S. Typhi), a bacterium that causes as many as 20 million infections and 600,000 deaths annually. Asymptomatic chronic carriers of S. Typhi play a major role in the transmission of typhoid fever, as they intermittently shed the bacteria and can unknowingly infect humans in close proximity. An estimated 90% of chronic carriers have gallstones; biofilm formation on gallstones is a primary factor in the establishment and maintenance of gallbladder carriage. CsgD is a central biofilm regulator in Salmonella, but the S. Typhi csgD gene has a mutation that introduces an early stop codon, resulting in a protein truncated by 8 amino acids at the C-terminus. In this study, we investigate the role of role of CsgD in S. Typhi. MethodsWe introduced a fully functional copy of the csgD gene from S. Typhimurium into S. Typhi under both a native and a constitutive promoter and tested for red, dry, and rough (Rdar) colony morphology, curli fimbriae, cellulose, and biofilm formation. Results and discussionWe demonstrate that although CsgD-regulated curli and cellulose production were partially restored, the introduction of the S. Typhimurium csgD did not induce the Rdar colony morphology. Interestingly, we show that CsgD does not have a significant role in S. Typhi biofilm formation, as biofilm-forming capacities depend more on the isolate than the CsgD regulator. This data suggests the presence of an alternative biofilm regulatory process in this human-restricted pathogen. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1478488/fullSalmonellacurlibiofilmcellulosetyphoid
spellingShingle Juan F. González
Juan F. González
Baileigh Laipply
Baileigh Laipply
Victoria A. Sadowski
Victoria A. Sadowski
Matthew Price
Matthew Price
John S. Gunn
John S. Gunn
John S. Gunn
Functional role of the biofilm regulator CsgD in Salmonella enterica sv. Typhi
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Salmonella
curli
biofilm
cellulose
typhoid
title Functional role of the biofilm regulator CsgD in Salmonella enterica sv. Typhi
title_full Functional role of the biofilm regulator CsgD in Salmonella enterica sv. Typhi
title_fullStr Functional role of the biofilm regulator CsgD in Salmonella enterica sv. Typhi
title_full_unstemmed Functional role of the biofilm regulator CsgD in Salmonella enterica sv. Typhi
title_short Functional role of the biofilm regulator CsgD in Salmonella enterica sv. Typhi
title_sort functional role of the biofilm regulator csgd in salmonella enterica sv typhi
topic Salmonella
curli
biofilm
cellulose
typhoid
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1478488/full
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