Energy-Efficient and Trust-Based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Scheme for 6G-Enabled Internet of Underwater Things
This paper introduces a novel energy-efficient lightweight, void hole avoidance, localization, and trust-based scheme, termed as Energy-Efficient and Trust-based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (EETAUV) protocol designed for 6G-enabled underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). The proposed scheme a...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/286 |
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| author | Altaf Hussain Shuaiyong Li Tariq Hussain Razaz Waheeb Attar Ahmed Alhomoud Reem Alsagri Khalid Zaman |
| author_facet | Altaf Hussain Shuaiyong Li Tariq Hussain Razaz Waheeb Attar Ahmed Alhomoud Reem Alsagri Khalid Zaman |
| author_sort | Altaf Hussain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper introduces a novel energy-efficient lightweight, void hole avoidance, localization, and trust-based scheme, termed as Energy-Efficient and Trust-based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (EETAUV) protocol designed for 6G-enabled underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). The proposed scheme addresses key challenges in UASNs, such as energy consumption, network stability, and data security. It integrates a trust management framework that enhances communication security through node identification and verification mechanisms utilizing normal and phantom nodes. Furthermore, a 6G communication module is deployed to reduce network delay and enhance packet delivery, contributing to more efficient data transmission. Leveraging Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), the EETAUV protocol offers a lightweight approach for node discovery, identification, and verification while ensuring a high data transmission rate through a risk-aware strategy including at low computational cost. The protocol’s performance is evaluated through extensive simulations and compared against state-of-the-art methods across various metrics, including network lifetime, throughput, residual energy, packet delivery ratio, mean square error, routing overhead, path loss, network delay, trust, distance, velocity, Computational Cost of Routing, and data security. The results demonstrate the superior cumulative performance of the proposed EETAUV scheme, making it a robust solution for secure, efficient, and reliable communication in UASNs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fe81d3c6d735480e8595c06f35af0e35 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-fe81d3c6d735480e8595c06f35af0e352025-01-10T13:21:28ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-01-0125128610.3390/s25010286Energy-Efficient and Trust-Based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Scheme for 6G-Enabled Internet of Underwater ThingsAltaf Hussain0Shuaiyong Li1Tariq Hussain2Razaz Waheeb Attar3Ahmed Alhomoud4Reem Alsagri5Khalid Zaman6School of Computer Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, ChinaKey Laboratory of Industrial Internet of Things and Networked Control, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, ChinaSchool of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaManagement Department, College of Business Administration, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Computer Science, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Software Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518000, ChinaThis paper introduces a novel energy-efficient lightweight, void hole avoidance, localization, and trust-based scheme, termed as Energy-Efficient and Trust-based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (EETAUV) protocol designed for 6G-enabled underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). The proposed scheme addresses key challenges in UASNs, such as energy consumption, network stability, and data security. It integrates a trust management framework that enhances communication security through node identification and verification mechanisms utilizing normal and phantom nodes. Furthermore, a 6G communication module is deployed to reduce network delay and enhance packet delivery, contributing to more efficient data transmission. Leveraging Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), the EETAUV protocol offers a lightweight approach for node discovery, identification, and verification while ensuring a high data transmission rate through a risk-aware strategy including at low computational cost. The protocol’s performance is evaluated through extensive simulations and compared against state-of-the-art methods across various metrics, including network lifetime, throughput, residual energy, packet delivery ratio, mean square error, routing overhead, path loss, network delay, trust, distance, velocity, Computational Cost of Routing, and data security. The results demonstrate the superior cumulative performance of the proposed EETAUV scheme, making it a robust solution for secure, efficient, and reliable communication in UASNs.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/286Internet of Underwater Thingsautonomous underwater vehicles6G-enabled UASNlocalizationvoid nodetrust management |
| spellingShingle | Altaf Hussain Shuaiyong Li Tariq Hussain Razaz Waheeb Attar Ahmed Alhomoud Reem Alsagri Khalid Zaman Energy-Efficient and Trust-Based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Scheme for 6G-Enabled Internet of Underwater Things Sensors Internet of Underwater Things autonomous underwater vehicles 6G-enabled UASN localization void node trust management |
| title | Energy-Efficient and Trust-Based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Scheme for 6G-Enabled Internet of Underwater Things |
| title_full | Energy-Efficient and Trust-Based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Scheme for 6G-Enabled Internet of Underwater Things |
| title_fullStr | Energy-Efficient and Trust-Based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Scheme for 6G-Enabled Internet of Underwater Things |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy-Efficient and Trust-Based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Scheme for 6G-Enabled Internet of Underwater Things |
| title_short | Energy-Efficient and Trust-Based Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Scheme for 6G-Enabled Internet of Underwater Things |
| title_sort | energy efficient and trust based autonomous underwater vehicle scheme for 6g enabled internet of underwater things |
| topic | Internet of Underwater Things autonomous underwater vehicles 6G-enabled UASN localization void node trust management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/1/286 |
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