Broad repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the precuneus in Alzheimer's disease: A rationale and study design

Abstract INTRODUCTION Brain network dysfunction, particularly within the default mode network (DMN), is an increasingly apparent contributor to the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can target key DMN hubs, maintain signaling f...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Michael K. Leuchter, Hanadi A. Oughli, Kelly A. Durbin, Nicholas J. Jackson, David Elashoff, Timothy S. Chang, Juliana Corlier, Doan Ngo, Cole Matthews, Darice Wong, Brent L. Fogel, Gal Bitan, Andrew F. Leuchter, Keith Vossel, Nanthia Suthana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70043
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850209072271327232
author Michael K. Leuchter
Hanadi A. Oughli
Kelly A. Durbin
Nicholas J. Jackson
David Elashoff
Timothy S. Chang
Juliana Corlier
Doan Ngo
Cole Matthews
Darice Wong
Brent L. Fogel
Gal Bitan
Andrew F. Leuchter
Keith Vossel
Nanthia Suthana
author_facet Michael K. Leuchter
Hanadi A. Oughli
Kelly A. Durbin
Nicholas J. Jackson
David Elashoff
Timothy S. Chang
Juliana Corlier
Doan Ngo
Cole Matthews
Darice Wong
Brent L. Fogel
Gal Bitan
Andrew F. Leuchter
Keith Vossel
Nanthia Suthana
author_sort Michael K. Leuchter
collection DOAJ
description Abstract INTRODUCTION Brain network dysfunction, particularly within the default mode network (DMN), is an increasingly apparent contributor to the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can target key DMN hubs, maintain signaling function, and delay or improve clinical outcomes in AD. Here, we present the rationale and design of a study using off‐the‐shelf equipment and the latest clinical evidence to expand on prior rTMS work and reduce participant burden in the process. METHODS We will conduct a two‐stage trial of large‐coil rTMS targeting the precuneus (a key hub in the DMN affected by AD) in 54 participants with mild to moderate Alzheimer's Clinical Syndrome focused primarily on determining tolerability and feasibility and secondarily focused on determining short‐term efficacy for memory. The first stage will involve 5 to 10 participants receiving open‐label active treatment to refine the protocol. The following second stage will consist of a 1:1 randomized, double‐blind, sham‐controlled clinical trial to study feasibility and tolerability while exploring target engagement and short‐term efficacy for memory. Participants will undergo 16 total rTMS brain stimulation sessions over the course of 5 weeks. A full course of open‐label active treatment will be offered as an extension to the sham group after unblinding. Outcomes will focus on completion rates and adverse events to demonstrate feasibility and tolerability. Further exploratory outcomes will include neuropsychological assessments, electroencephalography, neuroimaging, and blood biomarkers to demonstrate the feasibility of collection and explore preliminary changes in these measures. RESULTS We anticipate this treatment is feasible and tolerable and may show evidence of target engagement and clinical improvement. DISCUSSION Should we achieve expected positive outcomes in feasibility and tolerability, this will justify future work focusing on clear demonstrations of clinical efficacy and biomarker engagement, as well as enhancement of generalizability and scalability. Highlights Induction‐to‐maintenance repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the precuneus is a promising treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), though recent methods require intensive personalization. We propose here a trial design of precuneus rTMS in mild‐to‐early‐moderate AD dementia using exclusively off‐the‐shelf equipment and protocol modifications to reduce participant burden. Our two novel modifications from prior work are (1) using a larger rTMS coil, and (2) consolidating the induction phase of treatment. This trial focuses primarily on tolerability and feasibility while exploring clinical measures of efficacy and biomarkers of target engagement. Our trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06597942.
format Article
id doaj-art-fe80c135d1d94df0b891faafd8068840
institution OA Journals
issn 2352-8737
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions
spelling doaj-art-fe80c135d1d94df0b891faafd80688402025-08-20T02:10:06ZengWileyAlzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions2352-87372025-01-01111n/an/a10.1002/trc2.70043Broad repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the precuneus in Alzheimer's disease: A rationale and study designMichael K. Leuchter0Hanadi A. Oughli1Kelly A. Durbin2Nicholas J. Jackson3David Elashoff4Timothy S. Chang5Juliana Corlier6Doan Ngo7Cole Matthews8Darice Wong9Brent L. Fogel10Gal Bitan11Andrew F. Leuchter12Keith Vossel13Nanthia Suthana14TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA Los Angeles California USATMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA Los Angeles California USATMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA Los Angeles California USADepartment of Medicine Statistics Core David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles California USADepartment of Medicine Statistics Core David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles California USAMary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research, Department of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles California USATMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA Los Angeles California USATMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA Los Angeles California USATMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA Los Angeles California USAUCLA Clinical Neurogenomics Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles California USAUCLA Clinical Neurogenomics Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles California USADepartment of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles California USATMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA Los Angeles California USAMary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research, Department of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles California USATMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA Los Angeles California USAAbstract INTRODUCTION Brain network dysfunction, particularly within the default mode network (DMN), is an increasingly apparent contributor to the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can target key DMN hubs, maintain signaling function, and delay or improve clinical outcomes in AD. Here, we present the rationale and design of a study using off‐the‐shelf equipment and the latest clinical evidence to expand on prior rTMS work and reduce participant burden in the process. METHODS We will conduct a two‐stage trial of large‐coil rTMS targeting the precuneus (a key hub in the DMN affected by AD) in 54 participants with mild to moderate Alzheimer's Clinical Syndrome focused primarily on determining tolerability and feasibility and secondarily focused on determining short‐term efficacy for memory. The first stage will involve 5 to 10 participants receiving open‐label active treatment to refine the protocol. The following second stage will consist of a 1:1 randomized, double‐blind, sham‐controlled clinical trial to study feasibility and tolerability while exploring target engagement and short‐term efficacy for memory. Participants will undergo 16 total rTMS brain stimulation sessions over the course of 5 weeks. A full course of open‐label active treatment will be offered as an extension to the sham group after unblinding. Outcomes will focus on completion rates and adverse events to demonstrate feasibility and tolerability. Further exploratory outcomes will include neuropsychological assessments, electroencephalography, neuroimaging, and blood biomarkers to demonstrate the feasibility of collection and explore preliminary changes in these measures. RESULTS We anticipate this treatment is feasible and tolerable and may show evidence of target engagement and clinical improvement. DISCUSSION Should we achieve expected positive outcomes in feasibility and tolerability, this will justify future work focusing on clear demonstrations of clinical efficacy and biomarker engagement, as well as enhancement of generalizability and scalability. Highlights Induction‐to‐maintenance repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the precuneus is a promising treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), though recent methods require intensive personalization. We propose here a trial design of precuneus rTMS in mild‐to‐early‐moderate AD dementia using exclusively off‐the‐shelf equipment and protocol modifications to reduce participant burden. Our two novel modifications from prior work are (1) using a larger rTMS coil, and (2) consolidating the induction phase of treatment. This trial focuses primarily on tolerability and feasibility while exploring clinical measures of efficacy and biomarkers of target engagement. Our trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06597942.https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70043Alzheimer's diseasedeep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationdefault mode networkprecuneusrepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
spellingShingle Michael K. Leuchter
Hanadi A. Oughli
Kelly A. Durbin
Nicholas J. Jackson
David Elashoff
Timothy S. Chang
Juliana Corlier
Doan Ngo
Cole Matthews
Darice Wong
Brent L. Fogel
Gal Bitan
Andrew F. Leuchter
Keith Vossel
Nanthia Suthana
Broad repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the precuneus in Alzheimer's disease: A rationale and study design
Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions
Alzheimer's disease
deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
default mode network
precuneus
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
title Broad repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the precuneus in Alzheimer's disease: A rationale and study design
title_full Broad repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the precuneus in Alzheimer's disease: A rationale and study design
title_fullStr Broad repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the precuneus in Alzheimer's disease: A rationale and study design
title_full_unstemmed Broad repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the precuneus in Alzheimer's disease: A rationale and study design
title_short Broad repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the precuneus in Alzheimer's disease: A rationale and study design
title_sort broad repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation rtms of the precuneus in alzheimer s disease a rationale and study design
topic Alzheimer's disease
deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
default mode network
precuneus
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
url https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70043
work_keys_str_mv AT michaelkleuchter broadrepetitivetranscranialmagneticstimulationrtmsoftheprecuneusinalzheimersdiseasearationaleandstudydesign
AT hanadiaoughli broadrepetitivetranscranialmagneticstimulationrtmsoftheprecuneusinalzheimersdiseasearationaleandstudydesign
AT kellyadurbin broadrepetitivetranscranialmagneticstimulationrtmsoftheprecuneusinalzheimersdiseasearationaleandstudydesign
AT nicholasjjackson broadrepetitivetranscranialmagneticstimulationrtmsoftheprecuneusinalzheimersdiseasearationaleandstudydesign
AT davidelashoff broadrepetitivetranscranialmagneticstimulationrtmsoftheprecuneusinalzheimersdiseasearationaleandstudydesign
AT timothyschang broadrepetitivetranscranialmagneticstimulationrtmsoftheprecuneusinalzheimersdiseasearationaleandstudydesign
AT julianacorlier broadrepetitivetranscranialmagneticstimulationrtmsoftheprecuneusinalzheimersdiseasearationaleandstudydesign
AT doanngo broadrepetitivetranscranialmagneticstimulationrtmsoftheprecuneusinalzheimersdiseasearationaleandstudydesign
AT colematthews broadrepetitivetranscranialmagneticstimulationrtmsoftheprecuneusinalzheimersdiseasearationaleandstudydesign
AT daricewong broadrepetitivetranscranialmagneticstimulationrtmsoftheprecuneusinalzheimersdiseasearationaleandstudydesign
AT brentlfogel broadrepetitivetranscranialmagneticstimulationrtmsoftheprecuneusinalzheimersdiseasearationaleandstudydesign
AT galbitan broadrepetitivetranscranialmagneticstimulationrtmsoftheprecuneusinalzheimersdiseasearationaleandstudydesign
AT andrewfleuchter broadrepetitivetranscranialmagneticstimulationrtmsoftheprecuneusinalzheimersdiseasearationaleandstudydesign
AT keithvossel broadrepetitivetranscranialmagneticstimulationrtmsoftheprecuneusinalzheimersdiseasearationaleandstudydesign
AT nanthiasuthana broadrepetitivetranscranialmagneticstimulationrtmsoftheprecuneusinalzheimersdiseasearationaleandstudydesign