Nutritional profiling of foods for Phenylketonuria

Abstract A phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet is the only effective treatment in patients with classical phenylketonuria (PKU) in Latvia. This study analysed the protein and Phe content of 28 foods, including some Latvian-specific foods, aiming to expand the range of foods given to the Latvian PKU...

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Main Authors: O. Lubina, A. Daly, M. Auzenbaha, L. Gailite, S. Laktina, A. Macdonald
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06633-2
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author O. Lubina
A. Daly
M. Auzenbaha
L. Gailite
S. Laktina
A. Macdonald
author_facet O. Lubina
A. Daly
M. Auzenbaha
L. Gailite
S. Laktina
A. Macdonald
author_sort O. Lubina
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet is the only effective treatment in patients with classical phenylketonuria (PKU) in Latvia. This study analysed the protein and Phe content of 28 foods, including some Latvian-specific foods, aiming to expand the range of foods given to the Latvian PKU population. After consultation with Latvian parents and patients a list of preferred foods for analysis was collated. Preference was given to local foods and products were no or limited information about protein and Phe content was available. All food samples were collected from November 2023 until May 2024. Foods were analyzed by protein and amino acid content and compared with international databases. Phe content is reported as mg Phe/100 g of product. The highest amounts were found in microgreens from peas 200 mg/100 g, nettle 210 mg/100 g, wild garlic 140 mg/100 g.The Phe amount in garden cress and sunflower seed microgreen was 150 mg and 140 mg/100 g. A lower Phe content was found in radish 100 mg/100 g and broccoli microgreens: 97 mg/100 g. This study demonstrates that microgreens, and traditional products like sorrel and nettles should be measured within a Phe restricted diet. Rhubarb, celery stalk, raisins and leeks can be eaten without measurement or restriction.
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spelling doaj-art-fe61d278dbc54698b2a926b97fd5c4412025-08-20T04:01:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511810.1038/s41598-025-06633-2Nutritional profiling of foods for PhenylketonuriaO. Lubina0A. Daly1M. Auzenbaha2L. Gailite3S. Laktina4A. Macdonald5Children’s Clinical University HospitalDietetic Department, Birmingham Children’s HospitalChildren’s Clinical University HospitalInstitute of Oncology and Molecular Genetics , Riga Stradins UniversityChildren’s Clinical University HospitalDietetic Department, Birmingham Children’s HospitalAbstract A phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet is the only effective treatment in patients with classical phenylketonuria (PKU) in Latvia. This study analysed the protein and Phe content of 28 foods, including some Latvian-specific foods, aiming to expand the range of foods given to the Latvian PKU population. After consultation with Latvian parents and patients a list of preferred foods for analysis was collated. Preference was given to local foods and products were no or limited information about protein and Phe content was available. All food samples were collected from November 2023 until May 2024. Foods were analyzed by protein and amino acid content and compared with international databases. Phe content is reported as mg Phe/100 g of product. The highest amounts were found in microgreens from peas 200 mg/100 g, nettle 210 mg/100 g, wild garlic 140 mg/100 g.The Phe amount in garden cress and sunflower seed microgreen was 150 mg and 140 mg/100 g. A lower Phe content was found in radish 100 mg/100 g and broccoli microgreens: 97 mg/100 g. This study demonstrates that microgreens, and traditional products like sorrel and nettles should be measured within a Phe restricted diet. Rhubarb, celery stalk, raisins and leeks can be eaten without measurement or restriction.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06633-2PhenylketonuriaDietAmino acidInherited metabolic disorderNutrient
spellingShingle O. Lubina
A. Daly
M. Auzenbaha
L. Gailite
S. Laktina
A. Macdonald
Nutritional profiling of foods for Phenylketonuria
Scientific Reports
Phenylketonuria
Diet
Amino acid
Inherited metabolic disorder
Nutrient
title Nutritional profiling of foods for Phenylketonuria
title_full Nutritional profiling of foods for Phenylketonuria
title_fullStr Nutritional profiling of foods for Phenylketonuria
title_full_unstemmed Nutritional profiling of foods for Phenylketonuria
title_short Nutritional profiling of foods for Phenylketonuria
title_sort nutritional profiling of foods for phenylketonuria
topic Phenylketonuria
Diet
Amino acid
Inherited metabolic disorder
Nutrient
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06633-2
work_keys_str_mv AT olubina nutritionalprofilingoffoodsforphenylketonuria
AT adaly nutritionalprofilingoffoodsforphenylketonuria
AT mauzenbaha nutritionalprofilingoffoodsforphenylketonuria
AT lgailite nutritionalprofilingoffoodsforphenylketonuria
AT slaktina nutritionalprofilingoffoodsforphenylketonuria
AT amacdonald nutritionalprofilingoffoodsforphenylketonuria